{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:50:46Z","timestamp":1790805046194,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. OPC is frequent in HIV\/AIDS, implicating adaptive immunity. Mice are naive to Candida, yet IL-17 is induced within 24 h of infection, and susceptibility is strongly dependent on IL-17R signaling. We sought to identify the source of IL-17 during the early innate response to candidiasis. We show that innate responses to Candida require an intact TCR, as SCID, IL-7R\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212, and Rag1\u2212\/\u2212 mice were susceptible to OPC, and blockade of TCR signaling by cyclosporine induced susceptibility. Using fate-tracking IL-17 reporter mice, we found that IL-17 is produced within 1\u20132 d by tongue-resident populations of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and CD3+CD4+CD44hiTCR\u03b2+CCR6+ natural Th17 (nTh17) cells, but not by TCR-deficient innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) or NK cells. These cells function redundantly, as TCR-\u03b2\u2212\/\u2212 and TCR-\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212 mice were both resistant to OPC. Whereas \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were previously shown to produce IL-17 during dermal candidiasis and are known to mediate host defense at mucosal surfaces, nTh17 cells are poorly understood. The oral nTh17 population expanded rapidly after OPC, exhibited high TCR-\u03b2 clonal diversity, and was absent in Rag1\u2212\/\u2212, IL-7R\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212, and germ-free mice. These findings indicate that nTh17 and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, but not ILCs, are key mucosal sentinels that control oral pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]],"date-time":"2014-09-09T00:58:56Z","timestamp":1410224336000},"page":"2075-2084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":256,"title":["Oral-resident natural Th17 cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells control opportunistic\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    infections"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Heather R.","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Department of Immunology 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Center for Biological 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University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna R.","family":"Huppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nydiaris","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Department of Immunology 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Whibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical 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Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Ghilardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Siebenlist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852 8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Department of Immunology 1 , and 2 , 3 , and 4"},{"name":"Center for Biological Imaging, University of 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