{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:05:47Z","timestamp":1791295547099,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibody-mediated immunity to Shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, requires several episodes of infection to get primed and is short-lasting, suggesting that the B cell response is functionally impaired. We show that upon ex vivo infection of human colonic tissue, invasive S. flexneri interacts with and occasionally invades B lymphocytes. The induction of a type three secretion apparatus (T3SA)\u2013dependent B cell death is observed in the human CL-01 B cell line in vitro, as well as in mouse B lymphocytes in vivo. In addition to cell death occurring in Shigella-invaded CL-01 B lymphocytes, we provide evidence that the T3SA needle tip protein IpaD can induce cell death in noninvaded cells. IpaD binds to and induces B cell apoptosis via TLR2, a signaling receptor thus far considered to result in activation of B lymphocytes. The presence of bacterial co-signals is required to sensitize B cells to apoptosis and to up-regulate tlr2, thus enhancing IpaD binding. Apoptotic B lymphocytes in contact with Shigella-IpaD are detected in rectal biopsies of infected individuals. This study therefore adds direct B lymphocyte targeting to the diversity of mechanisms used by Shigella to dampen the host immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]],"date-time":"2014-05-27T02:50:26Z","timestamp":1401159026000},"page":"1215-1229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["B lymphocytes undergo TLR2-dependent apoptosis upon<i>Shigella<\/i>infection"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Nothelfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, INSERM U786 1 , 2"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pathog\u00e9nie Microbienne Mol\u00e9culaire, 75015 Paris, France 1 , 2"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, INSERM U786 1 , 2"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pathog\u00e9nie Microbienne Mol\u00e9culaire, 75015 Paris, France 1 , 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