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The process requires innate response activator (IRA) B cells, a transitional B1a-derived inflammatory subset which controls IgM production via autocrine granulocyte\/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling. The strategic location of these cells, coupled with the capacity to produce GM-CSF\u2013dependent IgM, ensures effective early frontline defense against bacteria invading the lungs. The study describes a previously unrecognized GM-CSF-IgM axis and positions IRA B cells as orchestrators of protective IgM immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,13]],"date-time":"2014-05-13T04:06:13Z","timestamp":1399953973000},"page":"1243-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Pleural innate response activator B cells protect against pneumonia via a GM-CSF-IgM axis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Georg F.","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"},{"name":"Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin G.","family":"Chousterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Hilgendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton S.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Theurl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa M.S.","family":"Gerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam D.","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Rothstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Nahrendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Weissleder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"},{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip K.","family":"Swirski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072602251448500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00257-6","article-title":"CXCL13 is required for B1 cell homing, natural antibody production, and body cavity immunity","volume":"16","author":"Ansel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2023072602251448500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2901","article-title":"The double life of a B-1 cell: self-reactivity selects for protective effector functions","volume":"11","author":"Baumgarth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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