{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:34:21Z","timestamp":1792647261479,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000854","name":"Human Frontier Science Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#8040-51000-058-00D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#8040-51000-058-00D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play an important role in many immune processes, including control of infections, inflammation, and tissue repair. To date, little is known about the metabolism of ILC and whether these cells can metabolically adapt in response to environmental signals. Here we show that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), important mediators of barrier immunity, predominantly depend on fatty acid (FA) metabolism during helminth infection. Further, in situations where an essential nutrient, such as vitamin A, is limited, ILC2 sustain their function and selectively maintain interleukin 13 (IL-13) production via increased acquisition and utilization of FA. Together, these results reveal that ILC2 preferentially use FAs to maintain their function in the context of helminth infection or malnutrition and propose that enhanced FA usage and FA-dependent IL-13 production by ILC2 could represent a host adaptation to maintain barrier immunity under dietary restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T14:12:31Z","timestamp":1468851151000},"page":"1409-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":214,"title":["Critical role of fatty acid metabolism in ILC2-mediated barrier protection during malnutrition and helminth infection"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"213","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9839-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3203-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5033-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7328-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean P.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2565-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Ploch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirumalai R.","family":"Ramalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Belkaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072603253739000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3704","article-title":"De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T and T helper 17 cells","volume":"20","author":"Berod","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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