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However, it is unknown whether this reactivity is beneficial or harmful for visual function. In this study, we used the Cre recombinase (Cre)\u2013loxP system under regulation of the mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter to knock out the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) from astrocytes and test the effect this has on reactive remodeling, ganglion cell survival, and visual function after experimental glaucoma and nerve crush. After injury, STAT3 knockout mice displayed attenuated astrocyte hypertrophy and reactive remodeling; astrocytes largely maintained their honeycomb organization and glial tubes. These changes were associated with increased loss of ganglion cells and visual function over a 30-day period. Thus, reactive astrocytes play a protective role, preserving visual function. STAT3 signaling is an important mediator of various aspects of the reactive phenotype within optic nerve astrocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T14:10:15Z","timestamp":1492438215000},"page":"1411-1430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Optic nerve astrocyte reactivity protects function in experimental glaucoma and other nerve injuries"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"214","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-3290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary\/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary\/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana C.","family":"Jakobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary\/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072604014169300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071545","article-title":"A road map for those who don\u2019t know JAK-STAT","volume":"296","author":"Aaronson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072604014169300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.2.151","article-title":"STAT3 and NF\u03baB activation precedes glial reactivity in the excitotoxically injured young cortex but not in the corresponding distal thalamic nuclei","volume":"59","author":"Acarin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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