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We address this hypothesis by immunizing autoimmune-prone mice with HIV-1 Envelope (Env) and characterizing the primary antibody response for HIV-1 neutralization. We find autoimmune mice generate neutralizing antibody responses to tier 2 HIV-1 strains with alum treatment alone in the absence of Env. Importantly, experimentally breaching immunological tolerance in wild-type mice also leads to the production of tier 2 HIV-1\u2013neutralizing antibodies, which increase in breadth and potency following Env immunization. In both genetically prone and experimentally induced mouse models of autoimmunity, increased serum levels of IgM anti-histone H2A autoantibodies significantly correlated with tier 2 HIV-1 neutralization, and anti-H2A antibody clones were found to neutralize HIV-1. These data demonstrate that breaching peripheral tolerance permits a cross-reactive HIV-1 autoantibody response able to neutralize HIV-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T16:05:27Z","timestamp":1499789127000},"page":"2283-2302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Breaching peripheral tolerance promotes the production of HIV-1\u2013neutralizing antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Kristin M.S.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3344-7901","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda","family":"Agazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0128-620X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Strauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9382-6220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sean T.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8270-1983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott B.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8941-3941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberta","family":"Pelanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario L.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5969-5957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raul M.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072603540554700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10660","article-title":"Antibody-based protection against HIV infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis","volume":"481","author":"Balazs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2023072603540554700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(05)80021-6","article-title":"False-positive human immunodeficiency virus testing in patients with lupus erythematosus","volume":"23","author":"Barthel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin. 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