{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:08:57Z","timestamp":1789193337749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":792,"URL":"http:\/\/www.rupress.org\/terms\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":229,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB10138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB10138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Until recently, immune responses in filovirus survivors remained poorly understood. Early studies revealed IgM and IgG responses to infection with various filoviruses, but recent outbreaks have greatly expanded our understanding of filovirus immune responses. Immune responses in survivors of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) infections have provided the most insight, with T cell responses as well as detailed antibody responses having been characterized. Immune responses to Marburg virus (MARV), however, remain almost entirely uncharacterized. We report that immune responses in MARV survivors share characteristics with EBOV and SUDV infections but have some distinct differences. MARV survivors developed multivariate CD4+ T cell responses but limited CD8+ T cell responses, more in keeping with SUDV survivors than EBOV survivors. In stark contrast to SUDV survivors, rare neutralizing antibody responses in MARV survivors diminished rapidly after the outbreak. These results warrant serious consideration for any vaccine or therapeutic that seeks to be broadly protective, as different filoviruses may require different immune responses to achieve immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T10:10:15Z","timestamp":1500459015000},"page":"2563-2572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Marburg virus survivor immune responses are Th1 skewed with limited neutralizing antibody responses"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"214","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4540-3279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Spencer W.","family":"Stonier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Kuehne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Sobarzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polina","family":"Habibulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen V. Abramovitch","family":"Dahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-7555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebekah M.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5136-868X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moses","family":"Egesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council\/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda 3"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5156-037X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen","family":"Cose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council\/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda 3"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda 4"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius Julian","family":"Lutwama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging, and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Lobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 2"},{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging, and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0883-5016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John M.","family":"Dye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072609241196300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2164","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.55","article-title":"Longitudinal characterization of dysfunctional T cell-activation during human acute Ebola infection","volume":"7","author":"Agrati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2023072609241196300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.04.014","article-title":"Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012","volume":"442","author":"Albari\u00f1o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"2023072609241196300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002877","article-title":"Seasonal pulses of Marburg virus circulation in juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus bats coincide with periods of increased risk of human infection","volume":"8","author":"Amman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2023072609241196300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/7422","article-title":"Defective humoral responses and extensive intravascular apoptosis are associated with fatal outcome in Ebola virus-infected patients","volume":"5","author":"Baize","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. 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