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Expression of MHCII genes is controlled by the transcription coactivator CIITA, itself regulated through cell type\u2013specific promoters. Here we show that the transcription factor NFAT5 is needed for expression of Ciita and MHCII in macrophages, but not in dendritic cells and other APCs. NFAT5-deficient macrophages showed defective activation of MHCII-dependent responses in CD4+ T lymphocytes and attenuated capacity to elicit graft rejection in vivo. Ultrasequencing analysis of NFAT5-immunoprecipitated chromatin uncovered an NFAT5-regulated region distally upstream of Ciita. This region was required for CIITA and hence MHCII expression, exhibited NFAT5-dependent characteristics of active enhancers such as H3K27 acetylation marks, and required NFAT5 to interact with Ciita myeloid promoter I. Our results uncover an NFAT5-regulated mechanism that maintains CIITA and MHCII expression in macrophages and thus modulates their T lymphocyte priming capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T13:45:02Z","timestamp":1539697502000},"page":"2901-2918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Macrophage-specific MHCII expression is regulated by a remote <i>Ciita<\/i> enhancer controlled by NFAT5"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Buxad\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Huerga 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