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A better understanding of the generation and persistence of SI CD8 Trm cells in humans may have implications for intestinal immune-mediated diseases and vaccine development. Analyzing normal and transplanted human SI, we demonstrated that the majority of SI CD8 T cells were bona fide CD8 Trm cells that survived for &amp;gt;1 yr in the graft. Intraepithelial and lamina propria CD8 Trm cells showed a high clonal overlap and a repertoire dominated by expanded clones, conserved both spatially in the intestine and over time. Functionally, lamina propria CD8 Trm cells were potent cytokine producers, exhibiting a polyfunctional (IFN-\u03b3+ IL-2+ TNF-\u03b1+) profile, and efficiently expressed cytotoxic mediators after stimulation. These results suggest that SI CD8 Trm cells could be relevant targets for future oral vaccines and therapeutic strategies for gut disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T14:55:18Z","timestamp":1563893718000},"page":"2412-2426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Resident memory CD8 T cells persist for years in human small intestine"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"216","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8966-9047","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raquel","family":"Bartolom\u00e9-Casado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1367-2397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ole J.B.","family":"Landsverk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudhir Kumar","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0769-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1"},{"name":"Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8725-1563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danh","family":"Phung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2622-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Greiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise F.","family":"Risnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway 5"},{"name":"K.G. 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