{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:04:35Z","timestamp":1792047875177,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.rupress.org\/terms\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":292,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011146","name":"Chicago Developmental Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI117943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI117943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AI132848-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AI132848-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP2DA051912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP2DA051912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-1842165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1842165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Type I interferons (IFN-I) are a major antiviral defense and are critical for the activation of the adaptive immune system. However, early viral clearance by IFN-I could limit antigen availability, which could in turn impinge upon the priming of the adaptive immune system. In this study, we hypothesized that transient IFN-I blockade could increase antigen presentation after acute viral infection. To test this hypothesis, we infected mice with viruses coadministered with a single dose of IFN-I receptor\u2013blocking antibody to induce a short-term blockade of the IFN-I pathway. This resulted in a transient \u201cspike\u201d in antigen levels, followed by rapid antigen clearance. Interestingly, short-term IFN-I blockade after coronavirus, flavivirus, rhabdovirus, or arenavirus infection induced a long-lasting enhancement of immunological memory that conferred improved protection upon subsequent reinfections. Short-term IFN-I blockade also improved the efficacy of viral vaccines. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which IFN-I regulate immunological memory and provide insights for rational vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20191220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T02:21:47Z","timestamp":1595470907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Early type I IFN blockade improves the efficacy of viral vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"217","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-5224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Palacio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1698-8087","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tanushree","family":"Dangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5752-8322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Rock","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2490-8999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yidan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1141-6231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Loredo-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7221-6351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhongyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9986-4906","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo","family":"Penaloza-MacMaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500475112","article-title":"Initial viral load determines the magnitude of the human CD8 T cell response to yellow fever vaccination","volume":"112","author":"Akondy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis663","article-title":"Pegylated Interferon alfa-2a monotherapy results in suppression of HIV type 1 replication and decreased cell-associated HIV DNA integration","volume":"207","author":"Azzoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-031413-085537","article-title":"IFITM-Family Proteins: The Cell\u2019s First Line of Antiviral Defense","volume":"1","author":"Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-290-2_13","article-title":"Isolation of RNA and the synthesis and amplification of cDNA from antigen-specific T cells for genome-wide expression analysis","volume":"979","author":"Barnitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12771","article-title":"Regulation of CD4 T cells and their effects on immunopathological inflammation following viral infection","volume":"152","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12109","article-title":"Immunity to viruses","volume":"255","author":"Braciale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.02.015","article-title":"A novel presentation of homozygous loss-of-function STAT-1 mutation in an infant with hyperinflammation-A case report and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Burns","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000286","article-title":"Type I interferon receptor blockade with anifrolumab corrects innate and adaptive immune perturbations of SLE","volume":"5","author":"Casey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus Sci. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94366","article-title":"Type I interferons suppress viral replication but contribute to T cell depletion and dysfunction during chronic HIV-1 infection","volume":"2","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1578","article-title":"Infectious disease. Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in human IRF7 deficiency","volume":"348","author":"Ciancanelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16.16.1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmb.33","article-title":"Preparation of Cell Cultures and Vaccinia Virus Stocks","volume-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol.","author":"Cotter","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.003","article-title":"Type I interferons protect T cells against NK cell attack mediated by the activating receptor NCR1","volume":"40","author":"Crouse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpim.99","article-title":"Interrogating Adaptive Immunity Using LCMV","volume":"130","author":"Dangi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac4227","article-title":"Human IFNAR2 deficiency: Lessons for antiviral immunity","volume":"7","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097","article-title":"Impaired response to interferon-alpha\/beta and lethal viral disease in human STAT1 deficiency","volume":"33","author":"Dupuis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12392","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02149-13","article-title":"Dynamic viral dissemination in mice infected with yellow fever virus strain 17D","volume":"87","author":"Erickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5893","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.12.5893","article-title":"Interferon action: two distinct pathways for inhibition of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA","volume":"75","author":"Farrell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S170969","article-title":"Spotlight on anifrolumab and its potential for the treatment of moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence to date","volume":"13","author":"Felten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.9.1383","article-title":"Induction and exhaustion of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes visualized using soluble tetrameric major histocompatibility complex class I-peptide complexes","volume":"187","author":"Gallimore","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082292","article-title":"Yellow fever vaccine induces integrated multilineage and polyfunctional immune responses","volume":"205","author":"Gaucher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220098110","article-title":"STAT2 deficiency and susceptibility to viral illness in humans","volume":"110","author":"Hambleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3315","article-title":"Cutting Edge: The direct action of type I IFN on CD4 T cells is critical for sustaining clonal expansion in response to a viral but not a bacterial infection","volume":"176","author":"Havenar-Daughton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180628","article-title":"Life-threatening influenza pneumonitis in a child with inherited IRF9 deficiency","volume":"215","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182295","article-title":"Inherited IFNAR1 deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with adverse reaction to measles and yellow fever live vaccines","volume":"216","author":"Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2169","article-title":"Enforced viral replication activates adaptive immunity and is essential for the control of a cytopathic virus","volume":"13","author":"Honke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93486","article-title":"A digenic human immunodeficiency characterized by IFNAR1 and IFNGR2 mutations","volume":"127","author":"Hoyos-Bachiloglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.219","article-title":"Natural interferon alpha\/beta-producing cells link innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"192","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15327","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15327","article-title":"Replicating viral vector platform exploits alarmin signals for potent CD8+ T cell-mediated tumour immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Kallert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050821","article-title":"Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection","volume":"202","author":"Kolumam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20140280","article-title":"Human TYK2 deficiency: Mycobacterial and viral infections without hyper-IgE syndrome","volume":"212","author":"Kreins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/ni978","article-title":"Cross-priming of CD8+ T cells stimulated by virus-induced type I interferon","volume":"4","author":"Le Bon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.026","article-title":"Metabolic Phenotypes of Response to Vaccination in Humans","volume":"169","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax7799","article-title":"A durable protective immune response to wild-type measles virus infection of macaques is due to viral replication and spread in lymphoid tissues","volume-title":"Sci. Transl. Med.","author":"Lin","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058867","article-title":"Preferential localization of effector memory cells in nonlymphoid tissue","volume":"291","author":"Masopust","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib36","first-page":"1582","article-title":"IFITM3 Restricts Human Metapneumovirus Infection","volume":"218","author":"McMichael","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1998.0136","article-title":"Innate immune recognition and control of adaptive immune responses","volume":"10","author":"Medzhitov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.09.009","article-title":"Human tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency reveals its requisite roles in multiple cytokine signals involved in innate and acquired immunity","volume":"25","author":"Minegishi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.10.033","article-title":"A novel kindred with inherited STAT2 deficiency and severe viral illness","volume":"139","author":"Moens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8623","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809818106","article-title":"High antigen levels are the cause of T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection","volume":"106","author":"Mueller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8009221","article-title":"Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense","volume":"264","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.022","article-title":"Chronic but not acute virus infection induces sustained expansion of myeloid suppressor cell numbers that inhibit viral-specific T cell immunity","volume":"38","author":"Norris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023072821441149200_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12739","article-title":"CD8 T-cell regulation by T regulatory cells and the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway","volume":"151","author":"Penaloza-MacMaster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023072821441149200_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20132577","article-title":"Interplay between regulatory T cells and PD-1 in modulating T cell exhaustion and viral control during chronic LCMV infection","volume":"211","author":"Penaloza-MacMaster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa2148","article-title":"Vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells induce immunopathology after chronic LCMV infection","volume":"347","author":"Penaloza-MacMaster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.11.063","article-title":"Development of novel replication-defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus vectors expressing SIV antigens","volume":"35","author":"Penaloza MacMaster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2039","article-title":"Immunological mechanisms of vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Pulendran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.10.006","article-title":"Systems vaccinology","volume":"33","author":"Pulendran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12099","article-title":"Immunity to viruses: learning from successful human vaccines","volume":"255","author":"Pulendran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1688","article-title":"Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans","volume":"10","author":"Querec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2232","article-title":"Transcriptional analysis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells shows that PD-1 inhibits T cell function by upregulating BATF","volume":"16","author":"Quigley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101345","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: recent progress and open questions","volume":"29","author":"Reizis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13554","article-title":"Type I interferon responses in rhesus macaques prevent SIV infection and slow disease progression","volume":"511","author":"Sandler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015756","article-title":"Interferon-Stimulated Genes: What Do They All Do?","volume":"6","author":"Schoggins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv182","article-title":"Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 deficiency is a novel disorder of mitochondrial fission","volume":"138","author":"Shahni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.227","article-title":"How cells respond to interferons","volume":"67","author":"Stark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1583833","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of anifrolumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting type I interferon receptor, in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicenter, phase 2, open-label study","volume":"30","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235214","article-title":"Persistent LCMV infection is controlled by blockade of type I interferon signaling","volume":"340","author":"Teijaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040842","article-title":"Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected patients","volume":"351","author":"Torriani","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007583","article-title":"TLR4 signaling improves PD-1 blockade therapy during chronic viral infection","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002352","article-title":"Type 1 interferons and antiviral CD8 T-cell responses","volume":"8","author":"Welsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/ni889","article-title":"Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets","volume":"4","author":"Wherry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235208","article-title":"Blockade of chronic type I interferon signaling to control persistent LCMV infection","volume":"340","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.004","article-title":"Type I interferon protects antiviral CD8+ T cells from NK cell cytotoxicity","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023072821441149200_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.08.016","article-title":"Persistent virus infection inhibits type I interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells to facilitate opportunistic infections","volume":"4","author":"Zuniga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20191220\/1818360\/jem_20191220.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20191220\/1818360\/jem_20191220.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T17:45:48Z","timestamp":1690566348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/217\/12\/e20191220\/152035\/Early-type-I-IFN-blockade-improves-the-efficacy-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20191220","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.738518844.793578013","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"article-number":"e20191220"}}