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The most promising antibody target is circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Although PfCSP induces strong humoral immune responses upon vaccination, vaccine efficacy is overall limited and not durable. Here, we review recent efforts to gain a better molecular and cellular understanding of anti-PfCSP B cell responses in humans and discuss ways to overcome limitations in the induction of stable titers of high-affinity antibodies that might help to increase vaccine efficacy and promote long-lived protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T14:22:16Z","timestamp":1641824536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["How to induce protective humoral immunity against <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i> circumsporozoite protein"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9854-7711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilka","family":"Wahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3921-5933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hedda","family":"Wardemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072717473559500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208394","article-title":"A phase 3 trial of RTS,S\/AS01 malaria vaccine in African infants","volume":"367","author":"Agnandji","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. 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