{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:00:01Z","timestamp":1792785601985,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.rupress.org\/terms\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Government","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRM-EQU202003010193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRM-EQU202003010193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021716","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RACPL20FIR01-COVID-SOUL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RACPL20FIR01-COVID-SOUL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE15-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE15-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE15-0003-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE15-0003-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021716","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012007","name":"Rockefeller University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012007","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002350","name":"St. Giles Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021716","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French Foundation for Medical Research","award":["EQU201903007798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQU201903007798"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}]},{"name":"CNSVIRGEN","award":["ANR-18-CE15-0009-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE15-0009-01"]}]},{"name":"SEAe-HostFactors","award":["ANR-18-CE15-0020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE15-0020-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI088364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI088364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emergent Ventures"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006369","name":"George Mason University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006369","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1HG006504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1HG006504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24HG008956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24HG008956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"French Foundation for Medical Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANRS-COV05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRS-COV05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Square Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001621","name":"Fisher Center for Alzheimer\u2019s Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Grandir \u2013 Fonds de Solidarit\u00e9 pour l\u2019Enfance"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have analyzed antiviral immune pathways in late-stage severe COVID-19. However, the initial steps of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral immunity are poorly understood. Here we have isolated primary SARS-CoV-2 viral strains and studied their interaction with human plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs), a key player in antiviral immunity. We show that pDCs are not productively infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, they efficiently diversified into activated P1-, P2-, and P3-pDC effector subsets in response to viral stimulation. They expressed CD80, CD86, CCR7, and OX40 ligand at levels similar to influenza virus\u2013induced activation. They rapidly produced high levels of interferon-\u03b1, interferon-\u03bb1, IL-6, IP-10, and IL-8. All major aspects of SARS-CoV-2\u2013induced pDC activation were inhibited by hydroxychloroquine. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2\u2013induced pDC activation critically depended on IRAK4 and UNC93B1, as established using pDC from genetically deficient patients. Overall, our data indicate that human pDC are efficiently activated by SARS-CoV-2 particles and may thus contribute to type I IFN\u2013dependent immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T02:39:00Z","timestamp":1610073540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 induces human plasmacytoid predendritic cell diversification via UNC93B and IRAK4"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"218","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8429-4821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fanny","family":"Onodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U976, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9848-3287","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucie","family":"Bonnet-Madin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7212, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-3675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laurent","family":"Meertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7212, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6959-7528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Karpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U976, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6694-7796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Justine","family":"Poirot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U976, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-3672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shen-Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France 3"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unite Mixte de Recherche 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France 4"},{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8788-5056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Capucine","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unite Mixte de Recherche 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France 4"},{"name":"Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-0323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne","family":"Puel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France 3"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unite Mixte de Recherche 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France 4"},{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7358-9157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Jouanguy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France 3"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unite Mixte de Recherche 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France 4"},{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-3289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7111-1865","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Le Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U976, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 1"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie et D\u00e9partement des Maladies Infectieuses, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-2214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7212, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 2"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie et D\u00e9partement des Maladies Infectieuses, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6081-7993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Constance","family":"Delaugerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7212, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 2"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie et D\u00e9partement des Maladies Infectieuses, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-4169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Laurent","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France 3"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unite Mixte de Recherche 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France 4"},{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 5"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0283-1815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U944, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7212, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-9834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vassili","family":"Soumelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U976, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Paris, France 1"},{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Paris, France 9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.09.019","article-title":"Dexamethasone preferentially suppresses plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation and enhances their apoptotic death","volume":"118","author":"Abe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0346-x","article-title":"Dysregulation of type I interferon responses in COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0012-z","article-title":"Diversification of human plasmacytoid predendritic cells in response to a single stimulus","volume":"19","author":"Alculumbre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.09.031","article-title":"COVID-19: discovery, diagnostics and drug development","volume":"0","author":"Asselah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4585","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Bastard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.8.4061","article-title":"CpG-A-induced monocyte IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 production is regulated by plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived IFN-alpha","volume":"170","author":"Blackwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.10.040","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are present in cervical carcinoma and become activated by human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles","volume":"96","author":"Bontkes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101335","article-title":"Human TLRs and IL-1Rs in host defense: natural insights from evolutionary, epidemiological, and clinical genetics","volume":"29","author":"Casanova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128346","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in human UNC-93B deficiency","volume":"314","author":"Casrouge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-023770","article-title":"Control of coronavirus infection through plasmacytoid dendritic-cell-derived type I interferon","volume":"109","author":"Cervantes-Barragan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117359109","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control T-cell response to chronic viral infection","volume":"109","author":"Cervantes-Barragan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1578","article-title":"Infectious disease. Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in human IRF7 deficiency","volume":"348","author":"Ciancanelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaz1053","article-title":"The kinase IRAK4 promotes endosomal TLR and immune complex signaling in B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"13","author":"Corzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-020-00927-1","article-title":"An Updated Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)","volume":"40","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6758","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6758","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein-induced, monocyte-mediated mechanisms of reduced IFN-alpha and plasmacytoid dendritic cell loss in chronic HCV infection","volume":"177","author":"Dolganiuc","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-413286","article-title":"HCV glycoprotein E2 is a novel BDCA-2 ligand and acts as an inhibitor of IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"120","author":"Florentin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-013-0243-0","article-title":"Toll-like receptors\u2019 pathway disturbances are associated with increased susceptibility to infections in humans","volume":"61","author":"Fraz\u00e3o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.)."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2358","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases","volume":"8","author":"Gilliet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064828","article-title":"Antigen presentation and T cell stimulation by dendritic cells","volume":"20","author":"Guermonprez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101568","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in a patient with complete TLR3 deficiency: TLR3 is otherwise redundant in protective immunity","volume":"208","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.07.004","article-title":"Impaired Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 signaling: from chronic viral infections to cancer","volume":"31","author":"Hirsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1702-0","article-title":"Cytokine production by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and natural killer cells is suppressed by an IRAK4 inhibitor","volume":"20","author":"Hjorton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00216","article-title":"COVID-19: Emergence, Spread, Possible Treatments, and Global Burden","volume":"8","author":"Keni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2013.12.002","article-title":"Trafficking of endosomal Toll-like receptors","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003478","article-title":"Negative regulation of type I IFN expression by OASL1 permits chronic viral infection and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-282913","article-title":"Toll-like receptor control of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in human plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs)","volume":"116","author":"Lepelletier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115633","article-title":"IPC: professional type 1 interferon-producing cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2012.06.001","article-title":"HIV-1, interferon and the interferon regulatory factor system: an interplay between induction, antiviral responses and viral evasion","volume":"23","author":"Marsili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2009.0112","article-title":"Irreversible loss of pDCs by apoptosis during early HIV infection may be a critical determinant of immune dysfunction","volume":"23","author":"Meera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000458","article-title":"Impact of HIV on cell survival and antiviral activity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"2","author":"Meyers","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1081902","article-title":"Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with IRAK-4 deficiency","volume":"299","author":"Picard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02935-13","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase acts as a natural antagonist for dipeptidyl peptidase 4-mediated entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"88","author":"Raj","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(02)00749-8","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: the key to CpG","volume":"63","author":"Rothenfusser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R155","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3895","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine is associated with impaired interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Sacre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03607-14","article-title":"High secretion of interferons by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells upon recognition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"89","author":"Scheuplein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.05.005","article-title":"Type I Interferon in Chronic Virus Infection and Cancer","volume":"38","author":"Snell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.4.906","article-title":"Depletion of circulating natural type 1 interferon-producing cells in HIV-infected AIDS patients","volume":"98","author":"Soumelis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008536","article-title":"The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10758","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01501-14","article-title":"Differential responses of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to influenza virus and distinct viral pathogens","volume":"88","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13719","article-title":"Presence of Genetic Variants Among Young Men With Severe COVID-19","volume":"324","author":"van der Made","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4573","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq reveals new types of human blood dendritic cells, monocytes, and progenitors","volume":"356","author":"Villani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib44","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139522","article-title":"TLR3 deficiency in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"317","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4570","article-title":"Life-Threatening COVID-19: Defective Interferons Unleash Excessive Inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med (N Y)."},{"key":"2023072801431023100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4570","article-title":"Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20201387\/1823418\/jem_20201387.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20201387\/1823418\/jem_20201387.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T21:44:51Z","timestamp":1690494291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/218\/4\/e20201387\/211734\/SARS-CoV-2-induces-human-plasmacytoid-predendritic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20201387","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.739455731.793582839","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.07.10.197343","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"article-number":"e20201387"}}