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To maximize the functional diversity of NK cells, the array and expression level of surface receptors vary between individual NK cell \u201cclones\u201d in mice and humans. Cytomegalovirus infection in both species can expand a population of NK cells expressing receptors critical to the clearance of infected cells and generate a long-lived memory pool capable of targeting future infection with greater efficacy. Here, we discuss the pathways and factors that regulate the generation and maintenance of effector and memory NK cells and propose how this understanding may be harnessed therapeutically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T02:21:56Z","timestamp":1608258116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Virus-specific NK cell memory"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"218","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1420-6910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sam","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8062-9033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 1"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041423494952700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.018","article-title":"Transcription Factor IRF8 Orchestrates the Adaptive Natural Killer Cell Response","volume":"48","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041423494952700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.04.009","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Infection Drives Avidity Selection of Natural Killer Cells","volume":"50","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041423494952700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.002","article-title":"A Viral Immunoevasin Controls Innate Immunity by Targeting the Prototypical Natural Killer Cell Receptor Family","volume":"169","author":"Aguilar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2026041423494952700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1244","article-title":"Interaction between conventional dendritic cells and natural killer cells is integral to the activation of effective antiviral immunity","volume":"6","author":"Andoniou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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