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Murine roseolovirus (MRV) is highly related to human roseoloviruses. Herein we show that neonatal MRV infection induced autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in adult mice in the absence of ongoing infection. MRV-induced AIG was dependent on replication during the neonatal period and was CD4+ T cell and IL-17 dependent. Moreover, neonatal MRV infection was associated with development of a wide array of autoantibodies in adult mice. Finally, neonatal MRV infection reduced medullary thymic epithelial cell numbers, thymic dendritic cell numbers, and thymic expression of AIRE and tissue-restricted antigens, in addition to increasing thymocyte apoptosis at the stage of negative selection. These findings strongly suggest that infection with a roseolovirus early in life results in disruption of central tolerance and development of autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T14:52:40Z","timestamp":1646059960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Disruption of thymic central tolerance by infection with murine roseolovirus induces autoimmune gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-9436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tarin M.","family":"Bigley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2140-0292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7025-3095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liang-I","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0390-633X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose B.","family":"Saenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7626-3219","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco","family":"Victorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-7264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wayne M.","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072805022946000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5157","article-title":"Peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes derived from fetal versus adult thymic precursors differ phenotypically and functionally","volume":"171","author":"Adkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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