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Here, we demonstrate that intravenous, but not subcutaneous, inoculation of BCG protects human-ACE2 transgenic mice against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) and results in reduced viral loads in non-transgenic animals infected with an \u03b1 variant. The observed increase in host resistance was associated with reductions in SCV2-induced tissue pathology, inflammatory cell recruitment, and cytokine production that multivariate analysis revealed as only partially related to diminished viral load. We propose that this protection stems from BCG-induced alterations in the composition and function of the pulmonary cellular compartment that impact the innate response to the virus and ensuing immunopathology. While intravenous BCG vaccination is not a clinically acceptable practice, our findings provide an experimental model for identifying mechanisms by which nonspecific stimulation of the pulmonary immune response promotes host resistance to SCV2 lethality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T02:22:37Z","timestamp":1638325357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Intravenous administration of BCG protects mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-1552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kerry L.","family":"Hilligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 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