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Using multiomic approaches, we elucidated the responses of ileal epithelial cells (iECs) and gut microbiome to VB12 dietary restriction. Here, VB12 deficiency impaired the transcriptional and metabolic programming of iECs and reduced epithelial mitochondrial respiration and carnitine shuttling during intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) infection. Fecal microbial and untargeted metabolomic profiling identified marked changes related to VB12 deficiency, including reductions of metabolites potentially activating mitochondrial \u03b2-oxidation in iECs and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Depletion of SCFA-producing microbes by streptomycin treatment decreased the VB12-dependent STm protection. Moreover, compromised mitochondrial function of iECs correlated with declined cell capability to utilize oxygen, leading to uncontrolled oxygen-dependent STm expansion in VB12-deficient mice. Our findings uncovered previously unrecognized mechanisms through which VB12 coordinates ileal epithelial mitochondrial homeostasis and gut microbiota to regulate epithelial oxygenation, resulting in the control of aerobic STm infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T13:38:26Z","timestamp":1654695506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Vitamin B12 coordinates ileal epithelial cell and microbiota functions to resist <i>Salmonella<\/i> infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5967-3857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 1"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-4521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 1"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-7724","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mansour","family":"Mohamadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 1"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072622030672600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2013.07.027","article-title":"PPAR signaling pathway is a key modulator of liver proteome in pups born to vitamin B(12) deficient rats","volume":"91","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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