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We report three patients from two kindreds without EBV viremia or disease but with severe TB and inherited complete ITK deficiency, a condition associated with severe EBV disease that renders immunological studies challenging. They have CD4+ \u03b1\u03b2 T lymphocytopenia with a concomitant expansion of CD4\u2212CD8\u2212 double-negative (DN) \u03b1\u03b2 and V\u03b42\u2212 \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes, both displaying a unique CD38+CD45RA+T-bet+EOMES\u2212 phenotype. Itk-deficient mice recapitulated an expansion of the \u03b3\u03b4 T and DN \u03b1\u03b2 T lymphocyte populations in the thymus and spleen, respectively. Moreover, the patients\u2019 T lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-\u03b3 in response to TCR crosslinking, mitogens, or forced synapse formation with autologous B lymphocytes. Finally, the patients\u2019 total lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-\u03b3, and CD4+, CD8+, DN \u03b1\u03b2 T, V\u03b42+ \u03b3\u03b4 T, and MAIT cells display impaired IFN-\u03b3 production in response to BCG. Inherited ITK deficiency undermines the development and function of various IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing T cell subsets, thereby underlying TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T02:21:01Z","timestamp":1664936461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Inherited human ITK deficiency impairs IFN-\u03b3 immunity and underlies tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2421-7389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masato","family":"Ogishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 1"},{"name":"The David Rockefeller Graduate Program, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 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