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We previously generated \u03b1PD-1 resistant variants of the murine HNSCC model MEER. While entirely \u03b1PD-1 resistant, these tumors regress after single dose of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV). We then generated a VV-resistant MEER line to dissect the immunologic features of sensitive and resistant tumors. While treatment of both tumor types induced immune infiltration and IFN\u03b3, we found a defining feature of resistance was elevation of immunosuppressive cytokines like TGF\u03b2, which blunted IFN\u03b3 signaling, especially in regulatory T cells. We engineered VV to express a genetically encoded TGF\u03b2RII inhibitor. Inhibitor-expressing VV produced regressions in resistant tumor models and showed impressive synergy with checkpoint blockade. Importantly, tumor-specific, viral delivery of TGF\u03b2 inhibition had no toxicities associated with systemic TGF\u03b2\/TGF\u03b2R inhibition. 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