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Thymic epithelial cells are of particular importance, and the generation of cortical and medullary epithelial lineages from progenitor stages controls the initiation and maintenance of thymus function. Here, we discuss the developmental pathways that regulate thymic epithelial cell diversity during both the embryonic and postnatal periods. We also examine how thymus microenvironments respond to injury, with particular focus on mechanisms that ensure regeneration of thymic epithelial cells for the restoration of thymus function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T02:20:51Z","timestamp":1718072451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Generation and repair of thymic epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2917-4085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Graham","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham 1 , Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7207-2511","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emilie J.","family":"Cosway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham 1 , Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8811-6996","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kieran D.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham 1 , Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-6957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Izumi","family":"Ohigashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044vy1d05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima 2 Division of Experimental Immunology, , Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4992-9174","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yousuke","family":"Takahama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040gcmg81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health 3 , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082814255434500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151780","article-title":"Identification of embryonic precursor cells that differentiate into thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator","volume":"213","author":"Akiyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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