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Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng\/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg\/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg\/ml IFN-\u03b12 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-\u03c9 in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-\u03b12 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7\u20139,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-\u03c9 only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2\u20135.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6\u201335.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1\u20139.6]) of IFN-\u03c9 and\/or IFN-\u03b12.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20231353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T02:21:12Z","timestamp":1700101272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-\u03b1 than with anti-IFN-\u03c9 auto-Abs in children"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5926-8437","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul","family":"Bastard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02vjkv261","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker 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