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NKT1 cells are susceptible to ARTC2-mediated P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) activation, but the effects on other unconventional T-cell types are unknown. Here, we show that MAIT, \u03b3\u03b4T, and NKT cells express P2RX7 and are sensitive to P2RX7-mediated cell death. Mouse peripheral T-bet+ MAIT1, \u03b3\u03b4T1, and NKT1 cells, especially in liver, co-express ARTC2 and P2RX7. These markers could be further upregulated upon exposure to retinoic acid. Blocking ARTC2 or inhibiting P2RX7 protected MAIT1, \u03b3\u03b4T1, and NKT1 cells from cell death, enhanced their survival in vivo, and increased the number of IFN-\u03b3\u2013secreting cells without affecting IL-17 production. Importantly, this revealed the existence of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 co-producing unconventional T-cell populations normally lost upon isolation due to ARTC2\/P2RX7-induced death. Administering extracellular NAD in vivo activated this pathway, depleting P2RX7-sensitive unconventional T cells. Our study reveals ARTC2\/P2RX7 as a common regulatory axis modulating the unconventional T-cell compartment, affecting the viability of IFN-\u03b3\u2013 and IL-4\u2013producing T cells, offering important insights to facilitate future studies into how these cells can be regulated in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20240354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T02:20:52Z","timestamp":1728440452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Selective regulation of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 co-producing unconventional T cells by purinergic signaling"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0753-7639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Calvin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University 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