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Here, we show that there is an immunological mechanism mediated by T cells in adipose tissue. Using an antigen-induced arthritis model with trackable, arthritis-inducing CD8+ OT-I T cells, we found that OT-I T cells home to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and expand there in the obese high-fat diet (HFD) context. Transplant of VAT from arthritic mice increased arthritis severity in na\u00efve recipient mice and was ameliorated by CD8 T cell depletion. Bulk RNA sequencing identified pro-inflammatory changes to OT-I T cells in VAT characterized by increased IFN \u03b1 and \u03b3 signaling after HFD. Intraperitoneal injection of IFN\u03b1, but not IFN\u03b3, expanded CD8 T cell numbers in VAT. HFD-induced expansion of VAT CD8 T cells was ameliorated with global Ifnar1 deletion, and importantly, genetic deletion of Ifnar1 in T cells decreased arthritis severity in obese mice. These results provide a mechanistic explanation of how obesity worsens autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20240677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T02:20:48Z","timestamp":1748917248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adipose tissue harbors pathogenic T cells in obesity that exacerbate inflammatory arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5305-3323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heather J.","family":"Faust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wevmz92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 1 Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3545-8957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margaret H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wevmz92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 1 Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dvg7y05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital 2 Division of Immunology, , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9558-2474","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A. 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