{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:44:31Z","timestamp":1788839071646,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["310030B_201271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030B_201271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["310030_215050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_215050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["865026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["865026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006389","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In chronic inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), tissue-resident self-reactive T cells perpetuate disease. The specific tissue factors governing the persistence and continuous differentiation of these cells remain undefined but could represent attractive therapeutic targets. In a model of chronic CNS autoimmunity, we find that oligodendrocyte-derived IL-33, an alarmin, is key for locally regulating the pathogenicity of self-reactive CD8+ T cells. The selective ablation of IL-33 from neo\u2013self-antigen\u2013expressing oligodendrocytes mitigates CNS disease. In this context, fewer self-reactive CD8+ T cells persist in the inflamed CNS, and the remaining cells are impaired in generating TCF-1low effector cells. Importantly, interventional IL-33 blockade by locally administered somatic gene therapy reduces T cell infiltrates and improves the disease course. Our study identifies oligodendrocyte-derived IL-33 as a druggable tissue factor regulating the differentiation and survival of self-reactive CD8+ T cells in the inflamed CNS. This finding introduces tissue factors as a novel category of immune targets for treating chronic CNS autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T02:20:55Z","timestamp":1741832455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oligodendrocyte-derived IL-33 regulates self-reactive CD8+ T cells in CNS autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0600-3283","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Fonta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3239-3513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01m1pv723","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Geneva University Hospital 2 Division of Clinical Pathology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2089-2048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bogna","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1790-7165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margot","family":"Piccinno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-0215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Liberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4197-6483","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Lemeille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-2733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mario","family":"Kreutzfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01m1pv723","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Geneva University Hospital 2 Division of Clinical Pathology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3726-3306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna Lena","family":"Kastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02s6k3f65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Basel 3 Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, , Basel,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7714-0605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yusuf I.","family":"Ertuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02s6k3f65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Basel 3 Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, , Basel,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1061-6071","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilena","family":"Vincenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01m1pv723","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Geneva University Hospital 2 Division of Clinical Pathology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4437-9799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1594-3189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Pinschewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02s6k3f65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Basel 3 Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, , Basel,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0247-2007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Doron","family":"Merkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Geneva 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01m1pv723","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Geneva University Hospital 2 Division of Clinical Pathology, , Geneva,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0633-5","article-title":"Beta cell-specific CD8+ T cells maintain stem cell memory-associated epigenetic programs during type 1 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Abdelsamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0344-1","article-title":"Role of IL-33 and ST2 signalling pathway in multiple sclerosis: Expression by oligodendrocytes and inhibition of myelination in central nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Allan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2156","article-title":"Interleukin-33 attenuates sepsis by enhancing neutrophil influx to the site of infection","volume":"16","author":"Alves-Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib69","article-title":"FastQC: A quality control tool for high throughput sequence data.","author":"Andrews","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418549112","article-title":"T-bet- and STAT4-dependent IL-33 receptor expression directly promotes antiviral Th1 cell responses","volume":"112","author":"Baumann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215418","article-title":"The alarmin interleukin-33 drives protective antiviral CD8+ T cell responses","volume":"335","author":"Bonilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01697-6","article-title":"A type 1 immunity-restricted promoter of the IL-33 receptor gene directs antiviral T-cell responses","volume":"25","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200402","article-title":"Antigen-independent differentiation and maintenance of effector-like resident memory T cells in tissues","volume":"188","author":"Casey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.09.004","article-title":"IL-33: An alarmin cytokine with crucial roles in innate immunity, inflammation and allergy","volume":"31","author":"Cayrol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00364","article-title":"IL33: Roles in allergic inflammation and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7249","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424236112","article-title":"Myocardial pressure overload induces systemic inflammation through endothelial cell IL-33","volume":"112","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269rv1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010641","article-title":"Resident memory T cells in human health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00949-7","article-title":"Not-so-opposite ends of the spectrum: CD8+ T cell dysfunction across chronic infection, cancer and autoimmunity","volume":"22","author":"Collier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.072","article-title":"Suppression of Tcf1 by inflammatory cytokines facilitates effector CD8 T cell differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Danilo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2015.07.017","article-title":"The IL-33\/ST2 axis: Role in health and disease","volume":"26","author":"De la Fuente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: Ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.08.021","article-title":"Network analysis reveals centrally connected genes and pathways involved in CD8+ T cell exhaustion versus memory","volume":"37","author":"Doering","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110061","article-title":"Vectored antibody gene delivery restores host B and T cell control of persistent viral infection","volume":"37","author":"Ertuna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02596","article-title":"Expression and function of IL-33\/ST2 Axis in the central nervous system under normal and diseased conditions","volume":"9","author":"Fairlie-Clarke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600652103","article-title":"Recovery of an arenavirus entirely from RNA polymerase I\/II-driven cDNA","volume":"103","author":"Flatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0070-8","article-title":"CNS infection and immune privilege","volume":"19","author":"Forrester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh578","article-title":"Autoreactive CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis: A new target for therapy?","volume":"128","author":"Friese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl6157","article-title":"Tissue-resident CD8+ T cells drive compartmentalized and chronic autoimmune damage against CNS neurons","volume":"14","author":"Frieser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00310","article-title":"Inhibitory receptors beyond T cell exhaustion","volume":"6","author":"Fuertes Marraco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.01.013","article-title":"The glia-derived alarmin IL-33 orchestrates the immune response and promotes recovery following CNS injury","volume":"85","author":"Gadani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04248-x","article-title":"An autoimmune stem-like CD8 T cell population drives type 1 diabetes","volume":"602","author":"Gearty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01210-5","article-title":"Autoreactive CD8+ T cells are restrained by an exhaustion-like program that is maintained by LAG3","volume":"23","author":"Grebinoski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203237","article-title":"Dual immune regulatory roles of interleukin-33 in pathological conditions","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y","article-title":"Dictionary learning for integrative, multimodal and scalable single-cell analysis","volume":"42","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.9.5875","article-title":"Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes via Fas and TNF-R1 Is a key event in the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"175","author":"H\u00f6velmeyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2016.08","article-title":"Increased concentrations of interleukin-33 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Jafarzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oman Med. J."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80277-0","article-title":"The role of somatic mutation in the generation of the protective humoral immune response against vesicular stomatitis virus","volume":"5","author":"Kalinke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15327","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15327","article-title":"Replicating viral vector platform exploits alarmin signals for potent CD8+ T cell-mediated tumour immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Kallert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.11.021","article-title":"Durable lymphocyte subset elimination upon a single dose of AAV-delivered depletion antibody dissects immune control of chronic viral infection","volume":"58","author":"Kastner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0414-6","article-title":"RNA velocity of single cells","volume":"560","author":"La Manno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.03.016","article-title":"IL-33 blockade suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"247","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.95","article-title":"Interleukin-33 in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Liew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6930","article-title":"T1\/ST2 is preferentially expressed on murine Th2 cells, independent of interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interleukin 10, and important for Th2 effector function","volume":"95","author":"L\u00f6hning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.029","article-title":"The alarmin interleukin-33 promotes the expansion and preserves the stemness of Tcf-1+ CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection","volume":"56","author":"Marx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63726-1","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes and progenitors become progressively depleted within chronically demyelinated lesions","volume":"164","author":"Mason","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672455","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.672455","article-title":"Cross-Talk of the CNS with immune cells and functions in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Matejuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055318","article-title":"CD8 T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection and cancer","volume":"37","author":"McLane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701757","article-title":"IL-33 augments virus-specific memory T cell inflation and potentiates the efficacy of an attenuated cytomegalovirus-based vaccine","volume":"202","author":"McLaren","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24993","article-title":"Runx3 programs CD8+ T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours","volume":"552","author":"Milner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000797","article-title":"Encephalitogenic and regulatory CD8 T cells in multiple sclerosis and its animal models","volume":"206","author":"Mockus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.011","article-title":"Expression of the DNA-binding factor TOX promotes the encephalitogenic potential of microbe-induced autoreactive CD8+ T cells","volume":"50","author":"Page","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.050","article-title":"Microglial remodeling of the extracellular matrix promotes synapse plasticity.","volume":"182","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21109-3","article-title":"Persistence of self-reactive CD8+ T cells in the CNS requires TOX-dependent chromatin remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7435","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0727-08.2008","article-title":"Nogo-A and myelin-associated glycoprotein differently regulate oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation","volume":"28","author":"Pernet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq028","article-title":"T cells can mediate viral clearance from ependyma but not from brain parenchyma in a major histocompatibility class I- and perforin-independent manner","volume":"133","author":"Pinschewer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5094","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802387","article-title":"Increased expression of IL-33 in severe asthma: Evidence of expression by airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"183","author":"Pr\u00e9fontaine","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq033","article-title":"BEDTools: A flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features","volume":"26","author":"Quinlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03570-w","article-title":"Dual roles of interleukin-33 in cognitive function by regulating central nervous system inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.209601.116","article-title":"UMI-Tools: Modeling sequencing errors in unique molecular identifiers to improve quantification accuracy","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151916","article-title":"Brain-resident memory T cells represent an autonomous cytotoxic barrier to viral infection","volume":"213","author":"Steinbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9057-3_6","article-title":"scMCA: A tool to define mouse cell types based on single-cell digital expression","volume":"1935","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.021","article-title":"T cell factor 1-expressing memory-like CD8(+) T cells sustain the immune response to chronic viral infections","volume":"45","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3589","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development","volume":"359","author":"Vainchtein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2729","article-title":"Alarmin IL-33 acts as an immunoadjuvant to enhance antigen-specific tumor immunity","volume":"74","author":"Villarreal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl6058","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells cooperate with CD4+ T cells to drive compartmentalized immunopathology in the CNS","volume":"14","author":"Vincenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201305","article-title":"The molecular signature of tissue resident memory CD8 T cells isolated from the brain","volume":"189","author":"Wakim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq4822","article-title":"Droplet-based forward genetic screening of astrocyte-microglia cross-talk","volume":"379","author":"Wheeler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1439","article-title":"Human naive CD8 T cells down-regulate expression of the WNT pathway transcription factors lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 and transcription factor 7 (T cell factor-1) following antigen encounter in vitro and in vivo","volume":"176","author":"Willinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.1.105","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte survival, loss and birth in lesions of chronic-stage multiple sclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Wolswijk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aai8593","article-title":"The TCF1-Bcl6 axis counteracts type I interferon to repress exhaustion and maintain T cell stemness","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.048","article-title":"T cell factor 1 suppresses CD103+ lung tissue-resident memory T cell development","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012968","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.1012968","article-title":"Interleukin-33 regulates the functional state of microglia","volume":"16","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025041409544619700_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.08.002","article-title":"Differentiation and persistence of memory CD8(+) T cells depend on T cell factor 1","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20241188\/1942523\/jem_20241188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20241188\/1942523\/jem_20241188.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T09:54:57Z","timestamp":1744624497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/222\/7\/e20241188\/277385\/Oligodendrocyte-derived-IL-33-regulates-self"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20241188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"article-number":"e20241188"}}