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We report 11 human IFNAR1 alleles, the products of which impair but do not abolish responses to IFN-\u03b1 and -\u03c9 without affecting responses to IFN-\u03b2. Ten of these alleles are rare in all populations studied, but the remaining allele (P335del) is common in Southern China (minor allele frequency \u22482%). Cells heterozygous for these variants display a dominant phenotype in vitro with impaired responses to IFN-\u03b1 and -\u03c9, but not -\u03b2, and viral susceptibility. Negative dominance, rather than haploinsufficiency, accounts for this dominance. 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