{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:01:42Z","timestamp":1792792902526,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007914","name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cbz4r60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA142543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA142543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS117424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS117424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS055028-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS055028-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012207","name":"Grace Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The STING pathway is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disease, but its role in noninflammatory conditions remains unclear. We generated a postnatal inducible whole-body Ngly1 knockout mouse (iNgly1\u2212\/\u2212) to model NGLY1 deficiency, an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder. iNgly1\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibit progressive motor deficits, Purkinje cell loss, and shortened lifespan without evidence of gliosis or immune activation. Cell type\u2013specific deletion of Ngly1 in Purkinje cells or microglia failed to induce disease, suggesting multiple cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic signals are required. Genetic ablation of Sting1 in iNgly1\u2212\/\u2212 mice rescues Purkinje cell loss, improves motor function, and extends lifespan. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals proteostasis disruption in Purkinje cells, altered cerebellar granule cell subpopulations, and STING-dependent suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis in glia. Pharmacological inhibition of STING with an orally bioactive antagonist, VS-X4, significantly mitigates neuropathology and motor disease. These findings identify STING as a key mediator of neuropathology in NGLY1 deficiency and implicate a role of STING in noninflammatory neurological disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20242296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T02:20:49Z","timestamp":1747275649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The STING pathway drives noninflammatory neurodegeneration in NGLY1 deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2011-7084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Department of Immunology, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7917-8961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Torres-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Department of Immunology, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1944-9740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Dobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Department of Immunology, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9756-3165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Department of Immunology, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5833-7704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Makoto","family":"Asahina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04hjbmv12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA) 3 , Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9358-3406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reiko","family":"Fujinawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sjwvz98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute 2 Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, , Saitama,","place":["Japan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04hjbmv12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA) 3 , Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6658-0980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Department of Immunology, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-7132","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 4 Department of Neuroscience, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-3329","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weichun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 4 Department of Neuroscience, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-5469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angelica","family":"Oviedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine 5 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, , Las Cruces, NM,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3118-4901","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 6 Department of Biochemistry, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0898-8602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grace Science, LLC 7 , Menlo Park, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9134-7648","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William F.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grace Science, LLC 7 , Menlo Park, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9823-0952","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grace Science Foundation 8 , Menlo Park, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1030-7631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sjwvz98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute 2 Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, , Saitama,","place":["Japan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04hjbmv12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA) 3 , Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0637-3989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05byvp690","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 1 Department of Immunology, , Dallas, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401337","article-title":"Intrinsic self-DNA triggers inflammatory disease dependent on STING","volume":"193","author":"Ahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.97.005","article-title":"JF1\/B6F1 Ngly1(\u2212\/\u2212) mouse as an isogenic animal model of NGLY1 deficiency","volume":"97","author":"Asahina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa059","article-title":"Ngly1\u2212\/\u2212 rats develop neurodegenerative phenotypes and pathological abnormalities in their peripheral and central nervous systems","volume":"29","author":"Asahina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.003","article-title":"Resolving cellular and molecular diversity along the hippocampal anterior-to-posterior axis in humans","volume":"109","author":"Ayhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20273","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03637","article-title":"Development of LB244, an irreversible STING antagonist","volume":"145","author":"Barasa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.28.446235","article-title":"Integration and comparison of multi-omics profiles of NGLY1 deficiency plasma and cellular models to identify clinically relevant molecular phenotypes","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03762-2","article-title":"Tonic prime-boost of STING signalling mediates Niemann-Pick disease type C","volume":"596","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z","article-title":"The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Decout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2014.22","article-title":"Mutations in NGLY1 cause an inherited disorder of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway","volume":"16","author":"Enns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.165588","article-title":"Liver-specific deletion of Ngly1 causes abnormal nuclear morphology and lipid metabolism under food stress","volume":"1866","author":"Fujihira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006696","article-title":"Lethality of mice bearing a knockout of the Ngly1-gene is partially rescued by the additional deletion of the Engase gene","volume":"13","author":"Fujihira","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.039","article-title":"The DNA inflammasome in human myeloid cells is initiated by a STING-cell death program upstream of NLRP3","volume":"171","author":"Gaidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55596","article-title":"Regulation of BMP4\/Dpp retrotranslocation and signaling by deglycosylation","volume":"9","author":"Galeone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1006-9","article-title":"Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway","volume":"567","author":"Gui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.3791\/1787","article-title":"A simple composite phenotype scoring system for evaluating mouse models of cerebellar ataxia","author":"Guyenet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0287-8","article-title":"Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"559","author":"Haag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009258","article-title":"A conserved role for AMP-activated protein kinase in NGLY1 deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500162","article-title":"Cutting edge: Inhibiting TBK1 by compound II ameliorates autoimmune disease in mice","volume":"195","author":"Hasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105465118","article-title":"STING inhibitors target the cyclic dinucleotide binding pocket","volume":"118","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.07.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial function requires NGLY1","volume":"38","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2016.75","article-title":"Prospective phenotyping of NGLY1-CDDG, the first congenital disorder of deglycosylation","volume":"19","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.035","article-title":"Protein sequence editing of SKN-1A\/Nrf1 by peptide:N-glycanase controls proteasome gene expression","volume":"177","author":"Lehrbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf8974","article-title":"Human STING is a proton channel","volume":"381","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13706","article-title":"Variants in NGLY1 lead to intellectual disability, myoclonus epilepsy, sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"97","author":"Panneman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0448-9","article-title":"Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation","volume":"561","author":"Sliter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.19126","article-title":"N-glycanase 1 deficiency is a rare cause of pediatric neurodegeneration with neuronal inclusions and liver steatosis","volume":"13","author":"Stuut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2023.130379","article-title":"NGLY1: A fascinating, multifunctional molecule","volume":"1868","author":"Suzuki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.11.021","article-title":"The cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (NGLY1) - structure, expression and cellular functions","volume":"577","author":"Suzuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.7b00224","article-title":"Inhibition of NGLY1 inactivates the transcription factor Nrf1 and potentiates proteasome inhibitor cytotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Tomlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33765-0","article-title":"Interruption of post-Golgi STING trafficking activates tonic interferon signaling","volume":"13","author":"Tu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01315-6","article-title":"Tau activation of microglial cGAS-IFN reduces MEF2C-mediated cognitive resilience","volume":"26","author":"Udeochu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202306150","article-title":"Transcription factor Nrf1 regulates proteotoxic stress-induced autophagy","volume":"223","author":"Ward","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.003","article-title":"NRF1 is an ER membrane sensor that is central to cholesterol homeostasis","volume":"171","author":"Widenmaier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.06.009","article-title":"Interferon-independent activities of mammalian STING mediate antiviral response and tumor immune evasion","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00337-2","article-title":"Activation of innate immune cGAS-STING pathway contributes to Alzheimer\u2019s pathogenesis in 5\u00d7FAD mice","volume":"3","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.90","article-title":"Gene set knowledge discovery with Enrichr","volume":"1","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-023-00045-x","article-title":"A conserved ion channel function of STING mediates noncanonical autophagy and cell death","volume":"25","author":"Xun","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180783","article-title":"N-glycanase NGLY1 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammation through NRF1","volume":"215","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.014","article-title":"STING signaling in the brain: Molecular threats, signaling activities, and therapeutic challenges","volume":"112","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.045","article-title":"Limiting cholesterol biosynthetic flux spontaneously engages type I IFN signaling","volume":"163","author":"York","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.020","article-title":"TDP-43 triggers mitochondrial DNA release via mPTP to activate cGAS\/STING in ALS","volume":"183","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025071111514998600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47046-5","article-title":"Cholesterol-binding motifs in STING that control endoplasmic reticulum retention mediate anti-tumoral activity of cholesterol-lowering compounds","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20242296\/1947039\/jem_20242296.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20242296\/1947039\/jem_20242296.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T15:52:08Z","timestamp":1752249128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/222\/10\/e20242296\/278113\/The-STING-pathway-drives-noninflammatory"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20242296","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"article-number":"e20242296"}}