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How microglia expand rapidly to meet the microglial demand in fast-expanding human fetal brains remains uncharted. Using thick sections in 5\u221222\u2013gestational week (gw) brains and super-resolution scanning, we identified a large proliferative microglial aggregate (2.129 mm2) near the lateral ganglionic eminence (&amp;gt;12.5 gw), expanding in Down\u2019s syndrome (DS) (4.767 mm2) and Edwards syndrome (ES) (3.437 mm2) fetal brains. Ki67+ microglia within the aggregates accounted for 26.65% (DS: 38.9%; ES: 46.3%) compared with 6.32% (DS: 6.01%; ES: 5.2%) in scattered microglia. This aggregate region contained a distinct microglial population characterized by the absence of phagocytic structures and complex processes, high CSF-1R expression, abundant IL-34+ cells, and some SPP1+ bipolar microglia. We termed this structure the secondary microglial formation center (SMFC). 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