{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:42:05Z","timestamp":1789612925824,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21J40104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21J40104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APPID 1155678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APPID 1155678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APPID 2026131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APPID 2026131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APPID 2018514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APPID 2018514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APPID 2003662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APPID 2003662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022538","name":"Kinghorn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP220102278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP220102278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000947","name":"Australian Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001171","name":"Cancer Institute New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jacqueline Goodnow & Barbara Hartley Prize"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages in the skin reside in multiple distinct layers and perform various functions. Here, we show that CD169+ macrophages reside in the hypodermis and comprise the major skin myeloid cell population in the steady state. In a syngeneic melanoma model, CD169+ macrophages encapsulate growing melanomas and directly suppress their growth. CSF1R blockade depleted CD169+ macrophages in tumors and resulted in unrestrained growth. This local containment of tumor growth in the skin was independent of CD169+ subcapsular sinus macrophages in the tumor-draining lymph node and did not require B or T cells. Intravital imaging revealed engulfment and ingestion of live tumor cells by CD169+ macrophages. This phagocytosis did not require the phosphatidylserine receptor MERTK. CD169+ macrophages are also enriched in the hypodermis in skin biopsies from healthy human skin and melanoma. These data identify tissue-resident CD169+ macrophages as a potential cellular target to achieve innate immune containment and reinforce adaptive immune control of tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20252239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:21:02Z","timestamp":1776406862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CSF1R-dependent CD169-positive macrophages locally constrain melanoma growth in the skin"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"223","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0171-6495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuki Honda","family":"Keith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4345-5628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily","family":"Duchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Sydney 3 Faculty of Medicine and Health, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney 4 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3400-8700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xufeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Computational Biology Group, Data Science Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 5 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-8656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wunna","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9525-055X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix G.P.","family":"Weninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales 6 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales 7 Faculty of Science, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9782-6666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rama","family":"Dhenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8830-291X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aiden Josiah","family":"Telfser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8951-1963","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abigail K.","family":"Grootveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1872-4109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deborah","family":"Barkauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre 8 ACRF INCITe Centre for Intravital Imaging, Garvan Imaging Platform, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5032-8026","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angela","family":"Fontaine-Titley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre 8 ACRF INCITe Centre for Intravital Imaging, Garvan Imaging Platform, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-8075","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shweta","family":"Tikoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Medical University of Vienna 9 Department of Dermatology, , Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4905-462X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rohit","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Medical University of Vienna 9 Department of Dermatology, , Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3133-8699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Weninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Medical University of Vienna 9 Department of Dermatology, , Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5042-3632","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John W.","family":"Frew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales 10 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9271-0004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elissa K.","family":"Deenick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of New South Wales 11 Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9586-3655","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Immune Biotherapies Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 12 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-7077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linda K.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney 13 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3419-4483","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatyana","family":"Chtanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales 7 Faculty of Science, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Immune Biotherapies Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 12 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4645-553X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonard D.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Computational Biology Group, Data Science Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 5 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8991-0013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Scolyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Sydney 3 Faculty of Medicine and Health, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney 4 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney 13 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital 14 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"NSW Health Pathology 15 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-3545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgina V.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Sydney 3 Faculty of Medicine and Health, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney 4 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney 13 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Mater Hospital 16 , North Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Royal North Shore Hospital 17 , St Leonards,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1113-3306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Umaimainthan","family":"Palendira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Sydney 3 Faculty of Medicine and Health, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0384j8v12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney 4 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4909-2984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tri Giang","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01b3dvp57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research 1 , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r8z3t63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales 2 Faculty of Medicine, , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2769","article-title":"Perivascular macrophages mediate neutrophil recruitment during bacterial skin infection","volume":"15","author":"Abtin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.4682814","volume-title":"Soft-Matter\/Trackpy: Trackpy v0.5.0","author":"Allan","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.011","article-title":"CD169-Positive macrophages dominate antitumor immunity by crosspresenting dead cell-associated antigens","volume":"34","author":"Asano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15251","article-title":"Pivotal role for skin transendothelial radio-resistant anti-inflammatory macrophages in tissue repair","volume":"5","author":"Barreiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0014-x","article-title":"Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for effective therapy","volume":"24","author":"Binnewies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02374-0","article-title":"CD4+ T cells indirectly kill tumor cells via induction of cytotoxic macrophages in mouse models","volume":"68","author":"Bogen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13267","article-title":"TAM receptors in phagocytosis: Beyond the mere internalization of particles","volume":"319","author":"Burstyn-Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.06.007","article-title":"B cells acquire particulate antigen in a macrophage-rich area at the boundary between the follicle and the subcapsular sinus of the lymph node","volume":"27","author":"Carrasco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau0964","article-title":"Two distinct interstitial macrophage populations coexist across tissues in specific subtissular niches","volume":"363","author":"Chakarov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.07.015","article-title":"CTLA-4 blockade induces a microglia-Th1 cell partnership that stimulates microglia phagocytosis and anti-tumor function in glioblastoma","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0127-6","article-title":"Macrophages as regulators of tumour immunity and immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"DeNardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06950-4","article-title":"The nuclear factor ID3 endows macrophages with a potent anti-tumour activity","volume":"626","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.005","article-title":"Macrophages direct location-dependent recall of B cell memory to vaccination","volume":"188","author":"Dhenni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23427.x","article-title":"Macrophages and dendritic cells constitute a major subpopulation of cells in the mouse dermis","volume":"123","author":"Dupasquier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182124","article-title":"Specific targeting of CD163+ TAMs mobilizes inflammatory monocytes and promotes T cell-mediated tumor regression","volume":"216","author":"Etzerodt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000835","article-title":"A transgenic line that reports CSF1R protein expression provides a definitive marker for the mouse mononuclear phagocyte system","volume":"205","author":"Grabert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.004","article-title":"Apoptotic cell fragments locally activate tingible body macrophages in the germinal center","volume":"186","author":"Grootveld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2024.2326626","article-title":"Tumor associated macrophages as key contributors and targets in current and future therapies for melanoma","volume":"20","author":"Habib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00681.x","article-title":"Melanophages reside in hypermelanotic, aberrantly glycosylated tumor areas and predict improved outcome in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"34","author":"Handerson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-379214","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and antagonists of CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling","volume":"119","author":"Hume","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721434116","article-title":"Microglia are effector cells of CD47-SIRP\u03b1 antiphagocytic axis disruption against glioblastoma","volume":"116","author":"Hutter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100722","article-title":"Visualizing murine breast and melanoma tumor microenvironment using intravital multiphoton microscopy","volume":"2","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.9919","article-title":"Macrophage markers in serum and tumor have prognostic impact in American joint committee on cancer stage I\/II melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06287","article-title":"Subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph nodes clear lymph-borne viruses and present them to antiviral B cells","volume":"450","author":"Junt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0084-5","article-title":"The immunological anatomy of the skin","volume":"19","author":"Kabashima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617903113","article-title":"The innate immune receptor Dectin-2 mediates the phagocytosis of cancer cells by Kupffer cells for the suppression of liver metastasis","volume":"113","author":"Kimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.009","article-title":"A subset of skin macrophages contributes to the surveillance and regeneration of local nerves","volume":"50","author":"Kolter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13137","article-title":"Possible functions of CD169-positive sinus macrophages in lymph nodes in anti-tumor immune responses","volume":"108","author":"Komohara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.18603305","volume-title":"Seurat Analysis for Reprocessing PMID: 36433984 for Keith et al. Version v1","author":"Kyaw","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001408","article-title":"Phagocytic function of tumor-associated macrophages as a key determinant of tumor progression control: A review","volume":"8","author":"Lecoultre","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5705","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115705","article-title":"CD169+ skin macrophages function as a specialized subpopulation in promoting psoriasis-like skin disease in mice","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.009","article-title":"Fate mapping via Ms4a3-expression history traces monocyte-derived cells","volume":"178","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-266296","article-title":"An antibody against the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor depletes the resident subset of monocytes and tissue- and tumor-associated macrophages but does not inhibit inflammation","volume":"116","author":"MacDonald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3683","article-title":"The origins and functions of dendritic cells and macrophages in the skin","volume":"14","author":"Malissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00848-y","article-title":"Tissue-specific macrophages: How they develop and choreograph tissue biology","volume":"23","author":"Mass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.155022","article-title":"CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages cross-present tumor antigen and drive antitumor immunity","volume":"7","author":"Modak","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.11.004","article-title":"Subcapsular sinus macrophages: The seat of innate and adaptive memory in murine lymph nodes","volume":"40","author":"Moran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05772-7","article-title":"Memory B cells are reactivated in subcapsular proliferative foci of lymph nodes","volume":"9","author":"Moran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.013","article-title":"B cell maintenance of subcapsular sinus macrophages protects against a fatal viral infection independent of adaptive immunity","volume":"36","author":"Moseman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799598","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.799598","article-title":"A microbiota-dependent subset of skin macrophages protects against cutaneous bacterial infection","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1745","article-title":"Immune complex relay by subcapsular sinus macrophages and noncognate B cells drives antibody affinity maturation","volume":"10","author":"Phan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1494","article-title":"Subcapsular encounter and complement-dependent transport of immune complexes by lymph node B cells","volume":"8","author":"Phan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-1543","article-title":"Chemotherapy and the extra-tumor immune microenvironment: EXTRA-TIME","volume":"14","author":"Phan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1328","article-title":"SCS macrophages suppress melanoma by restricting tumor-derived vesicle-B cell interactions","volume":"352","author":"Pucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43435-w","article-title":"Fully automated sequential immunofluorescence (seqIF) for hyperplex spatial proteomics","volume":"13","author":"Rivest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5388","article-title":"Iba1 is an actin-cross-linking protein in macrophages\/microglia","volume":"286","author":"Sasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7837-3_24","article-title":"Cre driver mice targeting macrophages","volume":"1784","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1980.tb01043.x","article-title":"Origin and function of epidermal Langerhans cells","volume":"53","author":"Stingl","year":"1980","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01018-x","article-title":"Cellpose: A generalist algorithm for cellular segmentation","volume":"18","author":"Stringer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.002","article-title":"T follicular helper cells have distinct modes of migration and molecular signatures in naive and memory immune responses","volume":"42","author":"Suan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106477","article-title":"\u03b2-cell function is regulated by metabolic and epigenetic programming of islet-associated macrophages, involving Axl, Mertk, and TGF\u03b2 receptor signaling","volume":"26","author":"Thai","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.025","article-title":"Amelanotic B16-F10 melanoma compatible with advanced three-dimensional imaging modalities","volume":"141","author":"Tikoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6030","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06030","article-title":"Tracking and quantification of dendritic cell migration and antigen trafficking between the skin and lymph nodes","volume":"4","author":"Tomura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000115)85:2%253C182::AID-IJC6%253E3.0.CO;2","article-title":"Macrophage infiltration correlates with tumor stage and angiogenesis in human malignant melanoma: Possible involvement of TNFalpha and IL-1alpha","volume":"85","author":"Torisu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.06.006","article-title":"Macrophage-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling controls host Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility in the skin","volume":"56","author":"Voisin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5516","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.10.5516","article-title":"Eliciting T cell immunity against poorly immunogenic tumors by immunization with dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccines","volume":"161","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.135","article-title":"Intravenous delivery of siRNA targeting CD47 effectively inhibits melanoma tumor growth and lung metastasis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"2026052116015381700_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7250","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34877-3","article-title":"A single-cell analysis reveals tumor heterogeneity and immune environment of acral melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20252239\/2034321\/jem_20252239.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1084\/jem.20252239\/2034321\/jem_20252239.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T20:02:19Z","timestamp":1779393739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/223\/7\/e20252239\/282559\/CSF1R-dependent-CD169-positive-macrophages-locally"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20252239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"article-number":"e20252239"}}