{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:41:53Z","timestamp":1759333313026},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The capacity of the trinitrophenyl (TNP) haptenic group, coupled to a series of chemically dissimilar carriers, to cross-stimulate putative T- dependent and T-independent murine B-cell subpepulations was determined by using an in vitro limiting dilution technique to generate primary IgM responses. It was found that TNP-Ficoll and TNP-dextran, two T- independent antigens with little or no polyclonal mitogenicity, stimulate the same population of anti-TNP precursors, which is distinct from the precursor population activated by TNP-bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a T-independent polyclonal mitogen, or TNP-horse erythrocytes (HRBC), a T-dependent antigen. On the other hand, TNP-LPS and TNP-HRBC activate the same precursor population, indicating that LPS can substitute for the T- cell signal in T-dependent B-cell responses, whereas nonmitogenic T- independent antigens cannot. However, the cumulative evidence from this and other laboratories strongly indicates that LPS and T-dependent antigens activate B cells by different mechanisms. Of particular interest, LPS is incapable of activating B cells responsive to weakly- or nonmitogenic T-independent antigens.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Based on clonal burst size, T-dependent antigens are capable of inducing greater antigen-specific B-cell proliferation than T-independent antigens. However, TNP conjugates of Ficoll and dextran, which are relatively poor inducers of polyclonal B-cell activation, induced larger anti-TNP clones than did TNP-LPS, a strong polyclonal mitogen.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The findings reinforce the evidence favoring existence of multiple B- cell subpopulations with distinctive activation pathways. They also strengthen the proposition that a given B-cell subset can be activated by more than one mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.146.1.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,23]],"date-time":"2004-06-23T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1088024450000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Carrier-directed anti-hapten responses by b-cell subsets"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"GK","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JW","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,7,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/146\/1\/1\/1658650\/1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article-pdf\/146\/1\/1\/1658650\/1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T23:39:14Z","timestamp":1690241954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/146\/1\/1\/48530\/Carrier-directed-anti-hapten-responses-by-b-cell"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.146.1.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9538","0022-1007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9538","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,7,1]]}}}