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Type I interferons (IFN) regulate a broad family of genes that either stimulate or inhibit immune function, having both host-protective and detrimental effects, and exhibit well-characterized antiviral activity. Transcriptional studies have uncovered a potential deleterious role for type I IFN in active tuberculosis. Since then, additional studies in human tuberculosis and experimental mouse models of M. tuberculosis infection support the concept that type I IFN promotes both bacterial expansion and disease pathogenesis. More recently, studies in a different setting have suggested a putative protective role for type I IFN. In this study, we discuss the mechanistic and contextual factors that determine the detrimental versus beneficial outcomes of type I IFN induction during M. tuberculosis infection, from human disease to experimental mouse models of tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T08:45:10Z","timestamp":1523954710000},"page":"1273-1285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":266,"title":["Type I interferons in tuberculosis: Foe and occasionally friend"],"prefix":"10.1084","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4817-8196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Moreira-Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK 1"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Mayer-Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 2"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-2895","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 3"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"O\u2019Garra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK 1"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England, UK 4"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072609283965500_bib1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Incidence of Tuberculosis among Hiv\/Hcv Co-Infected Patients Receiving Hepatitis C Treatment with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Georgia","volume":"252","author":"Abutidze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Georgian Med. 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