{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:46:53Z","timestamp":1789926413578,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of ethanol on the amiloride- and benzamil (Bz)-insensitive salt taste receptor was investigated by direct measurement of intracellular Na+ activity ([Na+]i) using fluorescence imaging in polarized fungiform taste receptor cells (TRCs) and by chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve recordings. CT responses to KCl and NaCl were recorded in Sprague-Dawley rats, and in wild-type (WT) and vanilloid receptor-1 (VR-1) knockout mice (KO). CT responses were monitored in the presence of Bz, a specific blocker of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). CT responses were also recorded in the presence of agonists (resiniferatoxin and elevated temperature) and antagonists (capsazepine and SB-366791) of VR-1 that similarly modulate the Bz-insensitive VR-1 variant salt taste receptor. In the absence of mineral salts, ethanol induced a transient decrease in TRC volume and elicited only transient phasic CT responses. In the presence of mineral salts, ethanol increased the apical cation flux in TRCs without a change in volume, increased transepithelial electrical resistance across the tongue, and elicited CT responses that were similar to salt responses, consisting of both a phasic component and a sustained tonic component. At concentrations &amp;lt;50%, ethanol enhanced responses to KCl and NaCl, while at ethanol concentrations &amp;gt;50%, those CT responses were inhibited. Resiniferatoxin and elevated temperature increased the sensitivity of the CT response to ethanol in salt-containing media, and SB-366791 inhibited the effect of ethanol, resiniferatoxin, and elevated temperature on the CT responses to mineral salts. VR-1 KO mice demonstrated no Bz-insensitive CT response to NaCl and no sensitivity to ethanol. We conclude that ethanol increases salt taste sensitivity by its direct action on the Bz-insensitive VR-1 variant salt taste receptor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200509264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T02:53:30Z","timestamp":1117594410000},"page":"587-600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Ethanol Modulates the VR-1 Variant Amiloride-insensitive Salt Taste Receptor. II. Effect on Chorda Tympani Salt Responses"],"prefix":"10.1085","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Lyall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard L.","family":"Heck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam-Hao T.","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobha","family":"Mummalaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahbaz A.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Vinnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"DeSimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072522342101700_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.306","volume":"288","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072522342101700_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(00)00094-X","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol."},{"key":"2023072522342101700_BIB3","first-page":"3","volume":"18","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Transmissions"},{"key":"2023072522342101700_BIB4"},{"key":"2023072522342101700_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.5.2638","volume":"86","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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