{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:41:37Z","timestamp":1791348097414,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal toxins that inhibit voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel fast inactivation can do so through an interaction with the S3b\u2013S4 helix-turn-helix region, or paddle motif, located in the domain IV voltage sensor. Here, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR), an optical approach that uses polarized light to measure the refractive index near a sensor surface to which a molecule of interest is attached, to analyze interactions between the isolated domain IV paddle and Nav channel\u2013selective \u03b1-scorpion toxins. Our SPR analyses showed that the domain IV paddle can be removed from the Nav channel and immobilized on sensor chips, and suggest that the isolated motif remains susceptible to animal toxins that target the domain IV voltage sensor. As such, our results uncover the inherent pharmacological sensitivities of the isolated domain IV paddle motif, which may be exploited to develop a label-free SPR approach for discovering ligands that target this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201411268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]],"date-time":"2015-01-26T16:28:31Z","timestamp":1422289711000},"page":"155-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A surface plasmon resonance approach to monitor toxin interactions with an isolated voltage-gated sodium channel paddle motif"],"prefix":"10.1085","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Martin-Eauclaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseillle, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7286, Plates-Formes de Recherche en Neurosciences-Centre d\u2019Analyse Prot\u00e9omique de Marseille, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13344 Marseille, France 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Ferracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseillle, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7286, Plates-Formes de Recherche en Neurosciences-Centre d\u2019Analyse Prot\u00e9omique de Marseille, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13344 Marseille, France 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Bosmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology 2 and 3"},{"name":"Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 2 and 3"},{"name":"Department of Physiology 2 and 3"},{"name":"Solomon H. 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