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HNO-induced enhancement of myocardial Ca2+ cycling and function is due to the modification of cysteines in the transmembrane domain of phospholamban (PLN), which results in activation of SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) by functionally uncoupling PLN from SERCA2a. However, which cysteines are modified by HNO, and whether HNO induces reversible disulfides or single cysteine sulfinamides (RS(O)NH2) that are less easily reversed by reductants, remain to be determined. Using an 15N-edited NMR method for sulfinamide detection, we first demonstrate that Cys46 and Cys41 are the main targets of HNO reactivity with PLN. Supporting this conclusion, mutation of PLN cysteines 46 and 41 to alanine reduces the HNO-induced enhancement of SERCA2a activity. Treatment of WT-PLN with HNO leads to sulfinamide formation when the HNO donor is in excess, whereas disulfide formation is expected to dominate when the HNO\/thiol stoichiometry approaches a 1:1 ratio that is more similar to that anticipated in vivo under normal, physiological conditions. Thus, 15N-edited NMR spectroscopy detects redox changes on thiols that are unique to HNO, greatly advancing the ability to detect HNO footprints in biological systems, while further differentiating HNO-induced post-translational modifications from those imparted by other reactive nitrogen or oxygen species. The present study confirms the potential of HNO as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201812208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]],"date-time":"2019-03-06T19:25:40Z","timestamp":1551900340000},"page":"758-770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Nitroxyl (HNO) targets phospholamban cysteines 41 and 46 to enhance cardiac function"],"prefix":"10.1085","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9562-7994","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gizem","family":"Keceli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 1"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananya","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomolecular NMR Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4328-7876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chevon N.","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungho","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5983-688X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlo G.","family":"Tocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Naples, Italy 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong I.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Mahaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazareno","family":"Paolocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-3533","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John P.","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072821443467300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13312","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0614028","article-title":"Phospholamban and its phosphorylated form interact differently with lipid bilayers: a 31P, 2H, and 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopic study","volume":"45","author":"Abu-Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry."},{"key":"2023072821443467300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1119","article-title":"S-Glutathiolation by peroxynitrite activates SERCA during arterial relaxation by nitric oxide","volume":"10","author":"Adachi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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