{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:46:52Z","timestamp":1792730812936,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The intracellular pH (pHi) of squid giant axons has been measured using glass pH microelectrodes. Resting pHi in artificial seawater (ASW) (pH 7.6-7.8) at 23 degrees C was 7.32 +\/- 0.02 (7.28 if corrected for liquid junction potential). Exposure of the axon to 5% CO2 at constant external pH caused a sharp decrease in pHi, while the subsequent removal of the gas caused pHi to overshoot its initial value. If the exposure to CO2 was prolonged, two additional effects were noted: (a) during the exposure, the rapid initial fall in pHi was followed by a slow rise, and (b) after the exposure, the overshoot was greatly exaggerated. Application of external NH4Cl caused pHi to rise sharply; return to normal ASW caused pHi to return to a value below its initial one. If the exposure to NH4Cl was prolonged, two additional effects were noted: (a) during the exposure, the rapid initial rise in pHi was followed by a slow fall, and (b) after the exposure, the undershoot was greatly exaggerated. Exposure to several weak acid metabolic inhibitors caused a fall in pHi whose reversibility depended upon length of exposure. Inverting the electrochemical gradient for H+ with 100 mM K-ASW had no effect on pHi changes resulting from short-term exposure to azide. A mathematical model explains the pHi changes caused by NH4Cl on the basis of passive movements of both NH3 and NH4+. The simultaneous passive movements of CO2 and HCO3-cannot explain the results of the CO2 experiments; these data require the postulation of an active proton extrusion and\/or sequestration mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.67.1.91","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,13]],"date-time":"2004-05-13T22:45:45Z","timestamp":1084488345000},"page":"91-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":682,"title":["Intracellular pH transients in squid giant axons caused by CO2, NH3, and metabolic inhibitors."],"prefix":"10.1085","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"W F","family":"Boron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"De Weer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,1,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of general physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jgp\/article-pdf\/67\/1\/91\/1810648\/91.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jgp\/article-pdf\/67\/1\/91\/1810648\/91.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T11:34:58Z","timestamp":1690457698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jgp\/article\/67\/1\/91\/26631\/Intracellular-pH-transients-in-squid-giant-axons"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.67.1.91","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1295","1540-7748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1295","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-7748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,1,1]]}}}