{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:20:03Z","timestamp":1771600803060,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]],"date-time":"1998-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":909878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5374,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"DOI":"10.1086\/302107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T18:47:41Z","timestamp":1027709261000},"page":"1448-1456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Absence of Linkage of Phonological Coding Dyslexia to Chromosome 6p23-p21.3 in a Large Family Data Set"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"L.L.","family":"Field","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.J.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370100610","article-title":"Linkage detection by the affected-pedigree-member method: what is really tested?","volume":"10","author":"Babron","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1973.tb15158.x","article-title":"Reading disability in twins","volume":"15","author":"Bakwin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1987.tb03337.x","article-title":"Dyslexia and chromosome 15 heteromorphism: negative lod score in Danish material","volume":"32","author":"Bisgaard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7939663","article-title":"Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6","volume":"266","author":"Cardon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib6","series-title":"Developmental dyslexia: neural, cognitive, and genetic mechanisms","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib7","first-page":"252","article-title":"Faster sequential genetic linkage computations","volume":"53","author":"Cottingham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80156-6","article-title":"The effects of parental immunoreactivity on pregnancy, birth, and cognitive development: maternal immune attack on the fetus?","volume":"28","author":"Crawford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib9","first-page":"867","article-title":"Nonparametric simulation-based statistics for detecting linkage in general pedigrees","volume":"58","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/329537a0","article-title":"Evidence for a genetic aetiology in reading disability of twins","volume":"329","author":"DeFries","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/380152a0","article-title":"A comprehensive genetic map of the human genome based on 5,264 microsatellites","volume":"380","author":"Dib","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530160078018","article-title":"Neuroanatomic differences between dyslexic and normal readers on magnetic resonance imaging scans","volume":"48","author":"Duara","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib13","series-title":"Statistical analysis for genetic epidemiology, release 2.1","author":"Elston","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0153","article-title":"Susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus maps to a locus (IDDM11) on human chromosome 14q24.3-q31","volume":"33","author":"Field","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1976.tb00161.x","article-title":"The genetics of specific reading disability","volume":"40","author":"Finucci","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00354958","article-title":"Risk for reading disability as a function of parental history in three family studies","volume":"3","author":"Gilger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reading & Writing"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(92)90001-3","article-title":"Reading disability, immune disorders and non-right-handedness","volume":"30","author":"Gilger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib18","first-page":"908","article-title":"Two-locus models of disease: comparison of likelihood and nonparametric linkage methods","volume":"53","author":"Goldin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib19","first-page":"892","article-title":"Affecteds-only linkage methods are not a panacea","volume":"58","author":"Greenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib20","first-page":"27","article-title":"Susceptibility loci for distinct components of developmental dyslexia on chromosomes 6 and 15","volume":"60","author":"Grigorenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Specific dyslexia (\u201ccongenital word blindness\u201d): a clinical and genetic study","volume":"65","author":"Hallgren","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530080107018","article-title":"Brain morphology in developmental syslexia and attention deficit disorder\/hyperactivity","volume":"47","author":"Hynd","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib23","series-title":"The wide range achievement test\u2014revised","author":"Jastak","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1994.1064","article-title":"The GBG model: is there more to consider than handedness?","volume":"26","author":"Kaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib25","first-page":"482","article-title":"Multilocus linkage analysis in humans: detection of linkage and estimation of recombination","volume":"37","author":"Lathrop","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540050013008","article-title":"Anomalous cerebral structure in dyslexia revealed with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"50","author":"Leonard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198905000-00004","article-title":"Educational interventions in learning disabilities","volume":"28","author":"Lerner","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067316","article-title":"Genetic models of reading disability","volume":"10","author":"Lewitter","year":"1980","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.14.4301","article-title":"Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D6S89 locus","volume":"18","author":"Litt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","article-title":"A simple salting out prodedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.3.1053","article-title":"DNA sequence polymorphism at the human tumour necrosis factor (TNF) locus: numerous TNF\/lymphotoxin alleles tagged by two closely linked microsatellites in the upstream region of the lymphotoxin (TNF-B) gene","volume":"147","author":"Nedospasov","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200604","article-title":"Specific deficits in component reading and language skills: genetic and environmental influences","volume":"22","author":"Olson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648060","article-title":"Is phonology bypassed in normal or dyslexic development?","volume":"37","author":"Pennington","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib35","first-page":"543","article-title":"Estimating the power of a proposed linkage study for a complex genetic trait","volume":"44","author":"Ploughman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib36","first-page":"4306","article-title":"Tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human coagulation factor XIII A subunit gene (F13A1)","volume":"19","author":"Polymeropoulos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/002221947100400706","article-title":"The auditory analysis test: an initial report","volume":"4","author":"Rosner","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00354963","article-title":"Screening for multiple genes influencing dyslexia","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reading & Writing"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6828864","article-title":"Specific reading disability: identification of an inherited form through linkage anlysis","volume":"219","author":"Smith","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199003000-00008","article-title":"Familial dyslexia: use of genetic linkage data to define subtypes","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib41","series-title":"Learning disabled children growing up: a follow-up into adulthood","author":"Spreen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00207.x","article-title":"A twin study of genetic influences on reading and spelling ability and disability","volume":"28","author":"Stevenson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.8.1215","article-title":"A human glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor: localization to chromosome band 6q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and linkage of a highly polymorphic simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism to other markers on chromosome 6","volume":"42","author":"Stoffel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib44","first-page":"487","article-title":"Mapping disease genes: family-based association studies","volume":"57","author":"Thomson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370100611","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: a piscatorial trek","volume":"10","author":"Van Eerderwegh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib46","series-title":"Developmental dyslexia: neural, cognitive, and genetic mechanisms","first-page":"185","article-title":"Phonologic mediation in skilled and dyslexic reading","author":"Van Orden","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1159\/000154155","article-title":"Adequacy of single-locus approximations for linkage analyses of oligogenic traits: extension to multigenerational pedigree structures","volume":"43","author":"Vieland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib48","first-page":"388","article-title":"Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"44","author":"Weber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.4.968","article-title":"Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D6S105 locus","volume":"19","author":"Weber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib50","series-title":"Manual for the Wechsler intelligence scale for children\u2014revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib51","series-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale\u2014revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib52","first-page":"315","article-title":"The affected-pedigree-member method of linkage analysis","volume":"42","author":"Weeks","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib53","series-title":"Woodcock reading mastery tests","author":"Woodcock","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib54","series-title":"Woodcock-Johnson psychoeducational battery\u2014revised","author":"Woodcock","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1086\/302107_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.9.1.48","article-title":"Genetical investigations in dyslexia","volume":"9","author":"Zahalkova","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Med Genet"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929707615778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929707615778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T23:03:37Z","timestamp":1682204617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002929707615778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002929707615778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/302107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9297","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}}}