{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:20:10Z","timestamp":1771600810176,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5313,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"DOI":"10.1086\/302191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:47:41Z","timestamp":1027694861000},"page":"157-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":201,"title":["Quantitative-Trait Locus for Specific Language and Reading Deficits on Chromosome 6p"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Gay\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey S.","family":"Cherny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lon R.","family":"Cardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Fulker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Brower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce F.","family":"Pennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"DeFries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.874","article-title":"Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits","volume":"28","author":"Bruck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0178","article-title":"A 4.5-megabase YAC contig and physical map over the hemochromatosis gene region","volume":"33","author":"Burt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7939663","article-title":"Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6","volume":"266","author":"Cardon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7777847","article-title":"Quantitative trait locus for reading disability: correction","volume":"268","author":"Cardon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib5","first-page":"786","article-title":"Linkage analysis of quantitative traits: increased power by using selected samples","volume":"49","author":"Carey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib6","first-page":"7","article-title":"Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center","volume":"8","author":"DeFries","year":"1997","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01066239","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis of twin data","volume":"15","author":"DeFries","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000003810","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis of twin data: etiology of deviant scores versus individual differences","volume":"37","author":"DeFries","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib9","series-title":"Examiner's manual: Peabody individual achievement test","author":"Dunn","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1086\/302190","article-title":"A quantitative-trait locus on chromosome 6p influences different aspects of developmental dyslexia","volume":"64","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00354964","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis of sib pair data on reading to detect quantitative trait loci","volume":"3","author":"Fulker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02359758","article-title":"An improved multipoint sib pair analysis of quantitative traits","volume":"26","author":"Fulker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib13","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Multipoint interval mapping of quantitative-trait loci using sib pairs","volume":"56","author":"Fulker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib14","first-page":"589","article-title":"Common and specific genetic effects on reading measures","volume":"27","author":"Gay\u00e1n","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib15","first-page":"266","article-title":"Quantitative trait locus for different measures of reading disability","volume":"25","author":"Gay\u00e1n","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib16","first-page":"1382","article-title":"Using the expectation or the distribution of the identity by descent for mapping quantitative-trait loci under the random model","volume":"59","author":"Gessler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib17","first-page":"27","article-title":"Susceptibility loci for distinct components of developmental dyslexia on chromosomes 6 and 15","volume":"60","author":"Grigorenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib18","first-page":"470","article-title":"Linkage studies suggest a possible locus for dyslexia near the Rh region on chromosome 1","volume":"28","author":"Grigorenko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6.9.781","article-title":"An approach to high throughput genotyping","volume":"6","author":"Hall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01066731","article-title":"The investigation of linkage between a quantitative trait and a marker locus","volume":"2","author":"Haseman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib21","first-page":"271","article-title":"Genetic effects in orthographic ability: a second look","volume":"25","author":"Hohnen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.7.11.1104","article-title":"A simple method for automated allele binning in microsatellite markers","volume":"7","author":"Idury","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib23","first-page":"439","article-title":"Complete multipoint sib pair analysis of qualitative and quantitative traits","volume":"57","author":"Kruglyak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648083","article-title":"Spelling errors and reading fluency in compensated adult dyslexics","volume":"41","author":"Lefly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648210","article-title":"Toward a definition of dyslexia","volume":"45","author":"Lyon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.4800","article-title":"Heterogeneity in rates of recombination in the 6-mb region telomeric to the human major histocompatibility complex","volume":"43","author":"Malfroy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib27","unstructured":"Olson RK, Forsberg H, Gay\u00e1n J, DeFries JC. A behavioral-genetic analysis of reading disabilities and component processes. In: Klein RM, McMullen PA (eds) Converging methods for understanding reading and dyslexia. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (in press)"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib28","series-title":"The varieties of orthographic knowledge I: theoretical and developmental issues","first-page":"27","article-title":"Genes, environment, and the development of orthographic skills","author":"Olson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib29","series-title":"Frames of reference for the assessment of learning disabilities: new views on measurement issues","first-page":"243","article-title":"Measurement of word recognition, orthographic, and phonological skills","author":"Olson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib30","series-title":"Reading research: advances in theory and practice","first-page":"1","article-title":"Individual and developmental differences in reading disability","author":"Olson","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200604","article-title":"Specific deficits in component reading and language skills: genetic and environmental influences","volume":"22","author":"Olson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Learning Disabil"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib32","first-page":"13","article-title":"Using genetics to dissect cognition","volume":"60","author":"Pennington","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91384-X","article-title":"Suggestive linkage of developmental dyslexia to chromosome 1p34-p36","volume":"342","author":"Rabin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2307\/747832","article-title":"The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: a review","volume":"27","author":"Rack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Reading Res Q"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7777857","article-title":"Extreme discordant sib pairs for mapping quantitative trait loci in humans","volume":"268","author":"Risch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)00645-2","article-title":"Phonological recoding and self-teaching: sine qua non of reading acquisition","volume":"55","author":"Share","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00354963","article-title":"Screening for multiple genes influencing dyslexia","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6828864","article-title":"Specific reading disability: identification of an inherited form through linkage analysis","volume":"219","author":"Smith","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948802101003","article-title":"Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and garden-variety poor reader: the phonological-core variable-difference model","volume":"21","author":"Stanovich","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Learning Disabil"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.30.1.73","article-title":"Development of reading-related phonological processing abilities: new evidence of bidirectional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study","volume":"30","author":"Wagner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib41","series-title":"Examiner's manual: Wechsler intelligence scale for children\u2014revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib42","series-title":"Examiner's manual: Wechsler adult intelligence scale\u2014revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2272(1997)14:6<719::AID-GEPI28>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Genetic analysis of simulated oligogenic traits in nuclear and extended pedigrees: summary of GAW10 contributions","volume":"14","author":"Wijsman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1086\/302191_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648214","article-title":"Computer-based phonological awareness and reading instruction","volume":"45","author":"Wise","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Dyslexia"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929707616681?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929707616681?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T13:24:46Z","timestamp":1554989086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002929707616681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002929707616681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/302191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9297","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}