{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:21:57Z","timestamp":1793200917989,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"American Astronomical Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ApJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"DOI":"10.1086\/307221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:53:12Z","timestamp":1027695192000},"page":"565-586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16066,"title":["Measurements of \u03a9 and \u039b from 42 High\u2010Redshift Supernovae"],"prefix":"10.3847","volume":"517","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Perlmutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Aldering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Goldhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. G.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Deustua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Fabbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Goobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"Groom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. M.","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. G.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Pennypacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Quimby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lidman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. G.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ruiz\u2010Lapuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. V.","family":"Filippenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Matheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Fruchter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Panagia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. J. M.","family":"Newberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"The Supernova Cosmology","family":"Project","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2208","reference":[{"key":"rf1_180","unstructured":"Aldering, et al. 1999, in preparation"},{"key":"rf2_181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/143983"},{"key":"rf3_182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/306088"},{"key":"rf4_183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.astro.36.1.17"},{"key":"rf5_184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/161103"},{"key":"rf6_185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/113199"},{"key":"rf7_186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.1582"},{"key":"rf8_187","unstructured":"Cappellaro, E., Turatto, M. & Fernley, J. 1995, IUE - ULDA Access Guide 6, Supernovae (Noordwijk, The Netherlands: ESA)"},{"key":"rf9_188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/167900"},{"key":"rf10_189","unstructured":"Carlberg, R. G. 1997, ApJ, submitted (astro-ph\/9708054)"},{"key":"rf11_190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/177125"},{"key":"rf12_191","unstructured":"Carlberg, R. G., etal 1998, in Proc. 33d Recontres de Moriond, Fundamental Parameters in Cosmology, ed. J. Tran Thanh Vang & Y. Giraud-Heraud (Paris: Editions frontieres), in press"},{"key":"rf13_192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.aa.30.090192.002435"},{"key":"rf14_193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305201"},{"key":"rf15_194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/306575"},{"key":"rf16_195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/114838"},{"key":"rf17_196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/157300"},{"key":"rf18_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daly, R. A., Guerra, E. J. & Wan, L. 1998, in Proc. 33d Recontres de Moriond, Fundamental Parameters in Cosmology, ed. J. Tran Thanh Vang & Y. Giraud-Heraud (Paris: Editions frontieres), in press","DOI":"10.1086\/305129"},{"key":"rf19_198","unstructured":"Efstathiou, G., etal 1998, MNRAS, submitted"},{"key":"rf20_199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305207"},{"key":"rf21_200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.57.3873"},{"key":"rf22_201","unstructured":"Filippenko, A. V., etal 1998, in preparation"},{"key":"rf23_202","unstructured":"Freedman, W. L., Mould, J. R., Kennicut, R. C. & Madore, B. F. 1998, in IAU Symp. 183, Cosmological Parameters and the Evolution of the Universe, ed. K. Sato (Dordrecht: Kluwer) (astro-ph\/9801080)"},{"key":"rf24_203","unstructured":"Frieman, J. A. 1996, Comments Astroph., in press (astro-ph\/9608068)"},{"key":"rf25_204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/306025"},{"key":"rf26_205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/311140"},{"key":"rf27_206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/306495"},{"key":"rf28_207","unstructured":"Goldhaber, G., etal 1997, in Thermonuclear Supernova, ed. P. Ruiz-Lapuente, R. Canal, & J. Isern (NATO ASI Ser. C, 486) (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 777"},{"key":"rf29_208","unstructured":"Goldhaber, G., etal 1999, ApJ, in preparation"},{"key":"rf30_209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/176113"},{"key":"rf31_210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305774"},{"key":"rf32_211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/304987"},{"key":"rf33_212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305129"},{"key":"rf34_213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/117251"},{"key":"rf35_214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/118190"},{"key":"rf36_215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305903"},{"key":"rf37_216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/176748"},{"key":"rf38_217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305327"},{"key":"rf39_218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.58.063501"},{"key":"rf40_219","unstructured":"Hook, I. M., etal 1998, in preparation"},{"key":"rf41_220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/171787"},{"key":"rf42_221","first-page":"285","volume":"88","author":"Kantowski R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"rf43_222","first-page":"680","volume":"318","author":"Kayser R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"rf44_223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/133709"},{"key":"rf45_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, A., etal 1999, in preparation","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-3582"},{"key":"rf46_225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/153824"},{"key":"rf47_226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/173188"},{"key":"rf48_227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/177538"},{"key":"rf49_228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/310164"},{"key":"rf50_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L23","DOI":"10.1086\/185993","volume":"371","author":"Leibundgut B.","year":"1996","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"rf51_230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/311613"},{"key":"rf52_231","first-page":"1P","volume":"247","author":"Maddox S. J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"rf53_232","first-page":"64","author":"Malmquist K. G.","year":"1924","journal-title":"Medd. Lund Astron. Obs. Ser."},{"key":"rf54_233","unstructured":"Malmquist, K. G. 1936, Stockholm Obs. Medd., no. 26"},{"key":"rf55_234","unstructured":"Marvin, H. & Perlmutter, S., 1989, IAU Circ. 4727"},{"key":"rf56_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/281.1.263","volume":"281","author":"Meikle W. P. S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"rf57_236","unstructured":"Mihalas, D. & Binney, J. 1981, Galactic Astronomy: Structure and Kinematics (2d ed.; San Francisco: W.H. Freeman)"},{"key":"rf58_237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/339523a0"},{"key":"rf59_238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.75.1874"},{"key":"rf60_239","unstructured":"Nugent, P., etal 1998, in preparation"},{"key":"rf61_240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/133562"},{"key":"rf62_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/280.3.673","volume":"280","author":"Oliver S. J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"rf63_242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/178150"},{"key":"rf64_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/278.1.111","volume":"278","author":"Patat F.","year":"1996","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"rf65_244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/171637"},{"key":"rf66_245","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1995a, in Thermonuclear Supernovae, ed. P. Ruiz-Lapuente, R. Canal, & J. Isern (NATO ASI Ser. C, 486) (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 749"},{"key":"rf67_246","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1995b, IAU Circ. 6270"},{"key":"rf68_247","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1996, IAU Circ. 6621"},{"key":"rf69_248","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1997a, IAU Circ. 6596"},{"key":"rf70_249","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1997b, IAU Circ. 6540"},{"key":"rf71_250","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1997c, IAU Circ. 6646"},{"key":"rf72_251","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1997d, IAU Circ. 6804"},{"key":"rf73_252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/304265"},{"key":"rf74_253","first-page":"1351","volume":"29","author":"Perlmutter S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"BAAS"},{"key":"rf75_254","unstructured":"Perlmutter, S., etal 1998a, IAU Circ. 6881"},{"key":"rf76_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/32711","volume":"391","author":"Perlmutter S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"rf77_256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303826"},{"key":"rf78_257","unstructured":"Phillips, M., etal 1999, in preparation"},{"key":"rf79_258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/186970"},{"key":"rf80_259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/132020"},{"key":"rf81_260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/310917"},{"key":"rf82_261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/187704"},{"key":"rf83_262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/178129"},{"key":"rf84_263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/118506"},{"key":"rf85_264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/300499"},{"key":"rf86_265","unstructured":"Ruiz-Lapuente, P. 1998, in Proc. Second International Conference on Dark Matter in Astro and Particle Physics, ed. H. V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus & L. Baudis, in press (astro-ph\/9810423)"},{"key":"rf87_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Canal, R. & Burkert, A. 1997, in Thermonuclear Supernova, ed. P. Ruiz-Lapuente, R. Canal, & J. Isern (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 205","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5710-0_14"},{"key":"rf88_267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/304507"},{"key":"rf89_268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305772"},{"key":"rf90_269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/306308"},{"key":"rf91_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schramm, D. N. 1990, in Astrophysical Ages and Dating Methods, ed. E. Vangioni-Flam et al. (Gif-sur-Yvette: Edition Frontieres), 365","DOI":"10.1086\/168337"},{"key":"rf92_271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305333"},{"key":"rf93_272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/309647"},{"key":"rf94_273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382768a0"},{"key":"rf95_274","unstructured":"Tammann, G. A. 1979, in ESA\/ESO Workshop on Astronomical Uses of the Space Telescope, ed. F. Macchetto, F. Pacini, and M. Tarenghi (Geneva: ESO), 329"},{"key":"rf96_275","unstructured":"Tegmark, M., etal 1999, ApJ, submitted (astro-ph\/9805117)"},{"key":"rf97_276","first-page":"815","volume":"331","author":"Tripp R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"rf98_277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.56.R4439"},{"key":"rf99_278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/310323"},{"key":"rf100_279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305174"},{"key":"rf101_280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/310737"},{"key":"rf102_281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/306278"},{"key":"rf103_282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/191957"},{"key":"rf104_283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/306314"},{"key":"rf105_284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/304551"},{"key":"rf106_285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.82.896"}],"container-title":["The Astrophysical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0004-637X\/517\/i=2\/a=565\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T17:23:03Z","timestamp":1604683383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1086\/307221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1086\/307221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/307221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-637X","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4357","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}}}