{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:09:51Z","timestamp":1792120191141,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4492,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"DOI":"10.1086\/319500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T17:32:28Z","timestamp":1027704748000},"page":"884-894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":214,"title":["Melanocortin-1 Receptor Gene Variants Determine the Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Independently of Fair Skin and Red Hair"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Maarten T.","family":"Bastiaens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannet A. C. ter","family":"Huurne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Kielich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelleke A.","family":"Gruis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi G.J.","family":"Westendorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert Jan","family":"Vermeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Nico Bouwes","family":"Bavinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08669.x","article-title":"The melanocortin-1 receptor and human pigmentation","volume":"885","author":"Abdel-Malek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00217.x","article-title":"Differences in age, site distribution, and sex between nodular and superficial basal cell carcinomas indicate different types of tumors","volume":"110","author":"Bastiaens","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620402","article-title":"Risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with pigmentation characteristics and freckling: systematic overview of 10 case-control studies","volume":"62","author":"Bliss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.11.1891","article-title":"Characterisation of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair","volume":"6","author":"Box","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00608.x","article-title":"Enhanced expression of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in normal human keratinocytes during differentiation: evidence for increased expression of POMC peptides near suprabasal layer of epidermis","volume":"112","author":"Chakraborty","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08668.x","article-title":"UV light and MSH receptors","volume":"855","author":"Chakraborty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(96)00063-8","article-title":"Production and release of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides by human melanocytes and keratinocytes in culture: regulation by ultraviolet B","volume":"1313","author":"Chakraborty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041570218","article-title":"MSH receptors in immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes: a potential mechanism for coordinate regulation of the epidermal-melanin unit","volume":"157","author":"Chakraborty","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12324134","article-title":"Ultraviolet B and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulate mRNA production for \u03b1-MSH receptors and proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides in mouse melanoma cells and transformed keratinocytes","volume":"105","author":"Chakraborty","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib12","first-page":"287","article-title":"The melanocortin receptors: agonists, antagonists, and the hormonal control of pigmentation","volume":"51","author":"Cone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rec Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.105.4.1079","article-title":"Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (\u03b1-MSH) stimulates normal human melanocyte growth by binding to high-affinity receptors","volume":"105","author":"De Luca","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin type I through VI","volume":"124","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.17.2531","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene on human pigmentation","volume":"9","author":"Flanagan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2067","article-title":"Evidence for alternate points of attachment for \u03b1-MSH and its stereoisomer [Nle4, Dphe7]-\u03b1-MSH at the melanocortin-1 receptor","volume":"202","author":"Fr\u00e4ndberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8459","article-title":"Human pigmentation phenotype: a point mutation generates nonfunctional MSH receptor","volume":"245","author":"Fr\u00e4ndberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53088-X","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor","volume":"268","author":"Gantz","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00554.x","article-title":"Skin type, melanoma, and melanocortin 1 receptor variants","volume":"112","author":"Healy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613565","article-title":"Nle4DPhe7 \u03b1-MSH increases the eumelanin:phaeomelanin ratio in cultured human melanocytes","volume":"104","author":"Hunt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00017-0","article-title":"The melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor polymorphism: association of the V92M and A294H alleles with basal cell carcinoma","volume":"282","author":"Ichii-Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08682.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of the antiinflammatory effects of \u03b1-MSH: role of transcription factor Nf\u03baB and adhesion molecule expression","volume":"885","author":"Kalden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:1<30::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Identification of common polymorphisms in the coding sequence of the human MSH receptor (MC1R) with possible biological effects","volume":"9","author":"Koppula","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910480504","article-title":"Pigmentary and cutaneous risk factors for non-melanocytic skin cancer: a case-control study","volume":"48","author":"Kricker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01804988","article-title":"Sun exposure and non-melanocytic skin cancer","volume":"5","author":"Kricker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.1997.17","article-title":"The role of \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in cutaneous biology","volume":"2","author":"Luger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09577.x","article-title":"Cutaneous immunomodulation and coordination of skin stress responses by \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone","volume":"840","author":"Luger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08678.x","article-title":"Role of epidermal cell-derived \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in ultraviolet light mediated local immunosuppression","volume":"885","author":"Luger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000163583","article-title":"Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone immunoreactivity in melanoma cells","volume":"58","author":"Lunec","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199205000-00002","article-title":"MSH receptor expression and the relationship to melanogenesis and metastatic activity in B16 melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Lunec","year":"1992","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00369320","article-title":"Mapping of the ACTH, MSH, and neural (MC3 and MC4) melanocortin receptors in the mouse and human","volume":"5","author":"Magenis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","article-title":"A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1325670","article-title":"The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors","volume":"257","author":"Mountjoy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12289699","article-title":"\u03b1-melanocyte stimulating hormone downregulates differentiation-driven heat shock protein 70 expression in keratinocytes","volume":"108","author":"Orel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(89)90129-8","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of point mutations and DNA polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"5","author":"Orita","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1086\/302711","article-title":"Melanocortin-1 receptor polymorphisms and risk of melanoma: is the association explained solely by pigmentation phenotype?","volume":"66","author":"Palmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272307","article-title":"Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin","volume":"327","author":"Preston","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12285496","article-title":"Effects of melanin induced free radicals on the isolated rat peritoneal mast cells","volume":"86","author":"Ranadive","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.1997.18","article-title":"Melanocortin receptors, red hair, and skin cancer","volume":"2","author":"Rees","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90572-8","article-title":"Pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter MSH receptor function","volume":"72","author":"Robbins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0935","article-title":"Loss of function mutations of the human melanocortin 1 receptor are common and are associated with red hair","volume":"260","author":"Schi\u00f6th","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00224-0","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cell cycle checkpoint function","volume":"28","author":"Shackelford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12484829","article-title":"Can some melanotropins modulate keratinocyte proliferation?","volume":"97","author":"Slominski","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00252.x","article-title":"Melanocortin 1 receptor variants in an Irish population","volume":"111","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.5.8612494","article-title":"Binding of melanotrophic hormones to the melanocortin receptor MC1R on human melanocytes stimulates proliferation and melanogenesis","volume":"137","author":"Suzuki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1998.tb00735.x","article-title":"Does \u03b1-MSH have a role in regulating skin pigmentation in humans?","volume":"11","author":"Thody","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12480680","article-title":"Phaeomelanin as well as eumelanin is present in human epidermis","volume":"97","author":"Thody","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1195-328","article-title":"Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans","volume":"11","author":"Valverde","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.10.1663","article-title":"The Asp84Glu variant of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is associated with melanoma","volume":"5","author":"Valverde","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1086\/319500_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12326950","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin, its derived peptides, and the skin","volume":"106","author":"Wintzen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929707614153?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929707614153?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T18:25:35Z","timestamp":1704392735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002929707614153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002929707614153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/319500","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9297","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}