{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:05:06Z","timestamp":1791867906735,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]},"DOI":"10.1086\/338399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:51:06Z","timestamp":1027702266000},"page":"519-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Trichomonas vaginalis Is Associated with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Women Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Prashini","family":"Moodley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centre for Population Studies and Reproductive Health and Departments of Medical Microbiology, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Centre for Rural and Remote Health, Adelaide University and University of South Australia, Whyalla and Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Willem","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centre for Population Studies and Reproductive Health and Departments of Medical Microbiology, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref1","article-title":"Interventions for treating trichomoniasis in women (Cochrane Review)","volume-title":"The Cochrane Library","author":"Forna","year":"2000"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref2","first-page":"179","article-title":"Transvaginal-peritoneal migration of Trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of ascites: a report of two cases","volume":"35","author":"Hammond","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref3","first-page":"272","article-title":"The possible role of Trichomonas vaginalis as a \u201cvector\u201d for the spread of other pathogens","volume":"31","author":"Keith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3224-7","volume-title":"Trichomonads: parasitic in humans","author":"Honigberg","year":"1990"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90201-1","article-title":"On the causation of pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"149","author":"Keith","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199511000-00004","article-title":"The relationship of vaginal trichomoniasis and pelvic inflammatory disease among women colonized with Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"22","author":"Paisarntantiwong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70509-0","article-title":"Trichomonosis in pregnant human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected Congolese women: prevalence, risk factors, and association with low birth weight","volume":"181","author":"Sutton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery","volume":"24","author":"Cotch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90392-2","article-title":"Risk factors for prematurity and premature rupture of membranes: a prospective study of the vaginal flora in pregnancy","volume":"150","author":"Minkoff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1086\/317436","article-title":"Gynecologic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women","volume":"31","author":"Sobel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3","article-title":"From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection","volume":"75","author":"Flemming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90022-5","article-title":"The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on pelvic inflammatory disease: a case-control study in Abidjan, Ivory Coast","volume":"172","author":"Kamenga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90671-S","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection among women with pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"163","author":"Hoesberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref14","first-page":"765","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease in human immunodeficiency virus infected women","volume":"82","author":"Korn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1086\/314465","article-title":"Effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection upon acute salpingitis: a laparoscopic study","volume":"178","author":"Cohen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(96)00387-0","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"89","author":"Barbosa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"RR-1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref17","first-page":"79","article-title":"1998 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardised method of Gram stain interpretation","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref19","first-page":"59","article-title":"Trichomoniasis\u2014eight reasons why you should take it seriously","volume":"106","author":"Hume","year":"1978","journal-title":"Med Times"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(90)90029-Z","article-title":"A further look at infection at the time of therapeutic abortion","volume":"37","author":"Morton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00015","article-title":"Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: results from a cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Laga","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78181-2","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis and amplification of HIV-1 transmission","volume":"351","author":"Sorvillo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180216215106_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199303000-00020","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"36","author":"Graves","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/519\/23993049\/34-4-519.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T03:40:16Z","timestamp":1583293216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/34\/4\/519\/414145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/338399","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}