{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T03:43:34Z","timestamp":1727063014918},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4780,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700074579_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the incidence and evaluate the antimicrobial-susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections in our neonatal units.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700074579_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective surveillance study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700074579_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The neonatal units of the Hadassah University Hospitals, Jerusalem, Israel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700074579_abs4\"><jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title><jats:p>All newborns admitted from January 1994 through February 1999.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700074579_abs5\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The records of all patients with positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were reviewed. Bacteremia was considered early-onset (vertical) when occurring within the first 72 hours of life and late-onset (nosocomial) when occurring later. The prevalence and antibiotic-resistance patterns of vertically transmitted and nosocomially acquired strains were compared and studied over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700074579_abs6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>219 of 35,691 newborn infants had at least one episode of bacteremia (6.13\/1,000 live births). There were 305 identified organisms, of which 21% (1.29\/1,000 live births) were considered vertically transmitted and 79% nosocomially acquired. The most common organism causing early-onset disease (29.2%) was group B streptococcus (0.38\/1,000 live births), whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci (51%) were the most prevalent in late-onset disease. All gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin. Most gram-positive organisms other than staphylococci were susceptible to ampicillin. Gram-negative organisms represented 31% of all isolates. Generally, there was a trend of increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics among nosocomially acquired gram-negative organisms, compared to those vertically transmitted, with statistically significant differences for ampicillin and mezlocillin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05 and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01, respectively). Over the years, a trend toward an increasing resistance to antibiotics was observed among gram-negative organisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700074579_abs7\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trend of increasing bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics necessitates the implementation of a rational empirical treatment strategy, based on local susceptibility data, reserving certain agents for emerging resistant pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/501860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,17]],"date-time":"2006-02-17T20:45:23Z","timestamp":1140209123000},"page":"767-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Neonatal Bacteremia: Patterns of Antibiotic 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