{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:30:36Z","timestamp":1762979436490},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5024,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700072106_abs1\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>To review clinical experience with methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(MRSA) in tertiary-care hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700072106_abs2\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review for the year 1998.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700072106_abs3\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Two tertiary-care hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700072106_abs4\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Results of MRSA-positive cultures of clinical specimens obtained as part of investigations for suspected infections were retrieved from the microbiology laboratories' records. Charts of patients were reviewed, with standardized data collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700072106_abs5\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 673<jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>isolates identified, 222 (33%, or 6.8 isolates\/1,000 admissions) were MRSA Overall MRSA prevalence was 2% in 1988. Nosocomial acquisition occurred in 84.2% of cases. All age groups were affected, and 52% of patients had at least one comorbidity. MRSA prevalence was highest in the intensive care units (26.6% of all isolates), the medical wards (24.8%), and the surgical wards (19.8%). Seventy-three percent of isolates caused infection; the rest represented colonization. Surgical wounds (35.2%), the chest (29%), and central venous catheters (13%) were the most common sites of infection. Bacteremia occurred in 15.4% of patients. Local signs (84%) and fever (75.9%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Respiratory distress and septic shock occurred in 30.2% and 13.6% of cases, respectively. Of 162 patients with MRSA infection and 60 patients with MRSA colonization, 95.7% and 70% received antibiotics in the preceding 6 weeks, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.0001). The total mortality of patients with MRSA infection was 53.7%: 36.4% as a result of MRSA infection and 17.3% as a result of other causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700072106_abs6\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of MRSA is high and rapidly increasing in the two hospitals, as it is worldwide. Control measures to prevent die spread of MRSA in hospitals should continue, with reinforcement of hygienic precautions and development of policies to restrict the use of antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/501891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,17]],"date-time":"2006-02-17T19:25:56Z","timestamp":1140204356000},"page":"211-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>in Two Tertiary-Care Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tariq A.","family":"Madani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabeela A.","family":"Al-Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Al-Sanousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tawfik M.","family":"Ghabrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadia Z.","family":"Afandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huda A.","family":"Bajunid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91605-9"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.1.135"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02026130"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref017","volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30140995"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref014","first-page":"149","article-title":"The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in clinical specimens in relation to their \u03b2-lactamase producing and multiple-drug resistance properties in Addis Ababa","volume":"29","author":"Geyid","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90373-6"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07324-8"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30313-5","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: detection, epidemiology, and control measures","volume":"3","author":"Boyce","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30141354"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.2.182"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(00)90098-5"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.5.1308"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90060-9"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7222.1392"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902183400701"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30145275"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.6.1417"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90375-8"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00013542-199804000-00005"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02026127"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7159.647"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-1-11"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)12148-1"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref037","first-page":"626","article-title":"Interim guidelines for prevention and control of staphylococcal infection associated with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin","volume":"46","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700064791"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30146866"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref016","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30147087"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(90)90120-D"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.4.532"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(92)90150-K"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30148460"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.8.593"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref009","first-page":"952","article-title":"The incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of MRSA from 1988 to 1990, from the results of 26 clinical laboratories in Tokyo and the surrounding area","volume":"50","author":"Oguri","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jap J Clin Med"},{"key":"S0195941700072106_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530080055041"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700072106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T03:01:21Z","timestamp":1627095681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700072106\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700072106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/501891","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}