{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:22:22Z","timestamp":1759335742693},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4476,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081406_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> To describe the cumulative incidence of and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) infection among medical students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081406_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 1999, a cohort study of medical students with negative results (induration &lt; 10 mm) on tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed. Students who had undergone two-step testing in 1998 were retested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081406_abs3\"><jats:title>Settings:<\/jats:title><jats:p>University and teaching hospital and referral center for TB and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and the Health Sciences Building of the Medical School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081406_abs4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of 618 consecutive medical students with negative TST results who had been tested 12 months before were approached. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination history, and potential exposures to TB was obtained using a standardized questionnaire. Four hundred fourteen (67%) students completed the study. Students were at two different levels of their training programs (juniors = no contact with patients; seniors = intensive contact with patients).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081406_abs5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 414 participants, 16 (3.9%; 95% confidence interval, 1.06% to 12.1%) had converted to a positive reaction after 1 year. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher level of clinical training was confirmed to be an independent factor associated with TST conversion (odds ratio, 4.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 22.46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .048).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081406_abs6\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Senior medical students are at increased risk of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection in this setting. Therefore, a program of routine tuberculin skin testing and specific TB infection control guidelines are needed for this population (<jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic> 2002;23:591-594).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/501976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,21]],"date-time":"2006-02-21T15:41:32Z","timestamp":1140536492000},"page":"591-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Tuberculin Skin Test Conversion Among Medical Students at a Teaching Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Vania M. C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Jose Ledo A.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afranio L.","family":"Kritski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref013","first-page":"483","article-title":"Tuberculin conversion in junior and senior medical students at the University of Iowa","volume":"63","author":"Randa","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Iowa Med Soc"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.3.505"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref007","first-page":"420","article-title":"Medical students at risk of nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"4","author":"Silva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities","volume":"43","year":"1994","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00012"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501123320206"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9801120"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.968"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref008","first-page":"587","article-title":"The booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing","volume":"119","author":"Thompson","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref004","first-page":"S221","article-title":"Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"16","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.4.8887599"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30148401"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref006","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Health Care Facilities in Resource-Limited Settings","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0195941700081406_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1542"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700081406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:31:40Z","timestamp":1557189100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700081406\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700081406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/501976","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}}}