{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:23:31Z","timestamp":1760981011749},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4445,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078772_abs1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a nosocomial outbreak of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>serotype Saintpaul gastroenteritis and to explore risk factors for infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078772_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078772_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 208-bed, university-affiliated children's hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078772_abs4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients hospitalized at Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, during February 2001 who had stool specimens obtained for culture at least 24 hours after admission. Case-patients (n = 11) were patients with an indistinguishable strain of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Saintpaul cultured from their stool. Control-patients (n = 41) were patients hospitalized for problems other than gastroenteritis whose stool cultures were negative for<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078772_abs5\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk factors were evaluated using the chisquare test or Fisher's exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test. A multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. The predictor of interest was the receipt of enteral feeding formula mixed by the hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078772_abs6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case-patients were more likely than control-patients to have received formula mixed by the hospital (OR, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 17.16). Other variables evaluated were not significant predictors of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Saintpaul infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078772_abs7\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formula mixed by the hospital appears to have been the source of this<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>outbreak. Strict sanitation measures must be ensured in formula preparation and delivery, and bacterial pathogens should be included in the differential diagnosis for nosocomial gastroenteritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/501992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,21]],"date-time":"2006-02-21T15:46:05Z","timestamp":1140536765000},"page":"671-676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["An Outbreak of<i>Salmonella<\/i>Serotype Saintpaul in a Children's Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rena","family":"Bornemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Zerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Pallipamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Duchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref009","first-page":"726","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Muenchen infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice: United States and Canada, June 1999","volume":"282","author":"Boase","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008093230607"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-196601000-00003"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.2.171"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116539"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515186"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607184008006673"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref018","first-page":"336","article-title":"A waterborne outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul","volume":"24","author":"Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref017","first-page":"538","article-title":"Salmonella saint-paul infections occurring after consumption of grilled chickens","volume":"65","author":"Pagon","year":"1976","journal-title":"Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113957"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(00)90012-9"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref021","first-page":"516","article-title":"Salmonella serotype Tennessee in powered milk products and infant formula: Canada and United States, 1993","volume":"42","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref022","first-page":"297","article-title":"Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula: Tennessee, 2001","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800059392"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.152.7.659"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91397-8"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.734"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1996.tb00735.x"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30141362"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014860718901300118"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01975816"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref001","first-page":"582","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Muenchen infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice: United States and Canada, June 1999","volume":"48","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.11.2977-2980.1997","article-title":"Rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for typing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other gram-negative organisms in 1 day","volume":"35","author":"Gautom","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0195941700078772_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6681.1161"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700078772","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]],"date-time":"2020-04-12T20:57:29Z","timestamp":1586725049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700078772\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700078772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/501992","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}