{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:29:43Z","timestamp":1787941783055,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4568,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S019594170008303X_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin preparation is an important factor in reducing the rate of blood culture contamination. We assessed blood culture contamination rates associated with the use of skin antisepsis kits containing either 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate or 2% alcoholic tincture of iodine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170008303X_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, blinded clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170008303X_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary-care teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170008303X_abs4\"><jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult patients in medical wards, the medical intensive care unit, and the cardiac intensive care unit who needed paired, percutaneous blood cultures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170008303X_abs5\"><jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>House officers, medical students, and healthcare technicians drew the blood for cultures. We prepared sacks containing all of the necessary supplies, including two different types of antiseptic kits. In each sack, one kit contained 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropyl alcohol and the other contained 2% tincture of iodine in ethyl alcohol and 70% isopropyl alcohol. Each patient received chlorhexidine at one site and tincture of iodine at the other.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170008303X_abs6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four (0.9%) of 430 blood culture sets from 215 patients were contaminated. The contamination rate when using alcohol and chlorhexidine (1 of 215, 0.5%) did not differ significantly from the contamination rate when using tincture of iodine (3 of 215,1.4%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .62, McNemar test). There was an 87% probability that the two interventions differed by less than 2% in their rate of contamination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170008303X_abs7\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both of these antiseptic kits were highly effective for skin preparation prior to drawing blood for cultures. The use of these kits may have contributed to the low contamination rate observed in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,20]],"date-time":"2006-02-20T15:15:06Z","timestamp":1140448506000},"page":"397-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Skin Antisepsis Kits Containing Alcohol and Chlorhexidine Gluconate or Tincture of Iodine are Associated With Low Rates of Blood Culture Contamination"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Barbara W.","family":"Trautner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill E.","family":"Clarridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabih O.","family":"Darouiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90479-9"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/47.5.646"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.1.40"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30394-9","article-title":"Collection, transport, and processing of blood cultures","volume":"14","author":"Washington","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crosby CT , Mares AK . Skin antisepsis: past, present, and future. Journal of Vascular Access Devices 2001:1\u20136.","DOI":"10.2309\/108300801775777450"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00197-7"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref017","first-page":"216","article-title":"Blood culture contamination: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study involving 640 institutions and 497134 specimens from adult patients","volume":"122","author":"Schifman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1923-1926.1998","article-title":"Blood cultures positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci: antisepsis, pseudobacteremia, and therapy of patients","volume":"36","author":"Souvenir","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.584"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref015","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation","author":"Denton","year":"1991"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321881"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500080052031"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4665-4667.2000","article-title":"Comparison of iodophor and alcohol pledgets with the Medi-Flex Blood Culture Prep Kit II for preventing contamination of blood cultures","volume":"38","author":"Wilson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref010","first-page":"28","article-title":"The right way to do blood cultures","volume":"64","author":"Ernst","year":"2001","journal-title":"RN"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref012","first-page":"361","article-title":"An evaluation of iodophors as skin antiseptics","volume":"116","author":"King","year":"1963","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050453"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref019","first-page":"503","article-title":"Reduction in blood culture contamination rate by feedback to phlebotomists","volume":"121","author":"Gibb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/99.5.536"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-11-199912070-00006"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199004000-00010"},{"key":"S019594170008303X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.3.563-565.1997","article-title":"Doing it right the first time: quality improvement and the contaminant blood culture","volume":"35","author":"Weinbaum","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S019594170008303X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]],"date-time":"2020-04-12T20:28:13Z","timestamp":1586723293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S019594170008303X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S019594170008303X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/502073","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}}}