{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:38:22Z","timestamp":1780479502907,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4080,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078930_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), incidence of TST conversion, risk factors for positive TSTs, and history of active TB among HCWs in microbiology laboratories in New York City.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078930_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two-year survey from May 1999 to June 2001.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078930_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen microbiology laboratories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078930_abs4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the first year, interviews were conducted with 345 laboratory HCWs (mean, 18 HCWs per site; range, 2 to 51) to assess the prevalence of positive TSTs, but 3 (1%) could not recall their result and were excluded from further analyses. The mean age of the remaining 342 HCWs was 48 years; 68% (n = 233) were female, 54% (n = 183) received bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination, and 71% (n = 244) were foreign born. The prevalence of a positive TST was 57% (n = 196), but only 20% (n = 39) of the HCWs received isoniazid. The incidence of TST conversion in the second year of the study was 1% (1 of 108). Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR] per year, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>], 1.02\u20131.08), foreign birth (OR, 3.80; CI95, 1.98\u20137.28), BCG immunization (OR, 4.89; CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>, 2.72\u20138.80), and employment in a mycobacteriology laboratory (OR, 2.14; CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>, 1.25\u20133.68) as risk factors for a positive TST. Only one HCW had been treated for active TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700078930_abs5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of positive TSTs was high among laboratory HCWs, but the TST conversion rate was low. Higher rates of treatment for latent TB infection are desirable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,15]],"date-time":"2006-03-15T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1142460056000},"page":"801-806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Survey of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Laboratory Healthcare Workers in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Garber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo San","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Saiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.11.887"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities","volume":"43","year":"1994","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.7.1847-1851.1997","article-title":"Descriptive profile of tuberculin skin testing programs and laboratory-acquired tuberculosis infections in public health laboratories","volume":"35","author":"Kao","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref016","volume-title":"1990 Census Lookup","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref019","volume-title":"Clinical Policies and Protocols","author":"Fujiwara","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501123320206"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199911000-00002"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/162.5.338","article-title":"Tuberculosis skin test conversion among health care workers at a military medical center","volume":"162","author":"Ball","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10108"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.5.391"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref015","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 1999: CDC Surveillance Report","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9704036"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514963"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501582"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.10.1"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403888","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculin skin test reactions among prison workers","volume":"88","author":"Jochem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90170-0"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref010","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Biosafety in Microbiology and Biomedical Laboratories","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.21.4.486-489.1985","article-title":"Infections acquired in clinical laboratories in Utah","volume":"21","author":"Jacobson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5035.10"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref026","first-page":"377","article-title":"Increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection related to the occupational exposures of health care workers in Chiang Rai, Thailand","volume":"5","author":"Do","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.4.8887599"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6012.759"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30141560"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00004"},{"key":"S0195941700078930_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7056.522"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; 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