{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:40:40Z","timestamp":1790260840330,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4080,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700079029_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether there were differences in the microbiologic etiologies of ventilator-associated pneumonia in different clinical settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700079029_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational retrospective cohort study of microbiologic etiologies of ventilator-associated pneumonia from 1998 to 2001 in a multi-hospital system. Microbiologic results were compared between hospitals and between different intensive care units (ICUs) within hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700079029_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hospitals\u2014one pediatric teaching hospital, one adult teaching hospital, and one community hospital\u2014 in one healthcare system in the midwestern United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700079029_abs4\"><jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients at the target hospitals who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia and for whom microbiologic data were available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700079029_abs5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven hundred fifty-three episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia had culture data available for review. The most common organisms at all hospitals were<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(28.4%) and<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>(25.2%). The pediatric hospital had higher proportions of<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>(9.5% vs 2.3%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .001) and<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(13% vs 3.1%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .001) than did the adult hospitals. In the pediatric hospital, the pediatric ICU had higher<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>rates than did the neonatal ICU (33.3% vs 17%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .01). In the adult hospitals, the surgical ICU had higher<jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>rates (10.2% vs. 1.7%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .001) than did the other ICUs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700079029_abs6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microbiologic etiologies of ventilator-associated pneumonia vary between and within hospitals. Knowledge of these differences can improve selection of initial antimicrobial regimens, which may decrease mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,15]],"date-time":"2006-03-15T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1142460056000},"page":"853-858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Multi-Hospital System Differences in Microbiology by Location"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hilary M.","family":"Babcock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne E.","family":"Zack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Garrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Trovillion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin H.","family":"Kollef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)00977-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU patients","volume":"16","author":"George","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.4.e39"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.1.8"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200106000-00003"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90060-3"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.146"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(88)90053-3"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.6.1655"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01712153"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9607030"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.2.462"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00255791"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.9812034"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.2.412","article-title":"The Influence of mini-BAL cultures on patient outcomes: implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"113","author":"Kollef","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000063087.93157.06"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199905000-00020"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.3.676"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.9705064"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530350048033"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.5_Supplement_1.553S"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115245"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200010000-00010"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00002"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314079"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.758"},{"key":"S0195941700079029_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5.1434"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; 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