{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:08:57Z","timestamp":1790975337516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4325,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700085271_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although alcohol-based hand rinses and gels have recommended application times of 30 to 60 seconds, healthcare workers usually take much less time for hand hygiene. We compared the efficacies of four alcohol-based hand rubs produced in Europe (hand rinses A, B, and C and one gel formulation) with the efficacy of the European Norm 1500 (EN 1500) reference waterless hand antisepsis agent (60% 2-propanol) at short application times.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700085271_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparative crossover study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700085271_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection Control Program laboratory of a large tertiary-care teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700085271_abs4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700085271_abs5\"><jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measurement of residual bacterial counts and log reduction factors following inoculation of fingertips with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 6538, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> ATCC 15442, and a clinical isolate of <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700085271_abs6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>All hand rinses satisfied EN 1500 standards following a single application for 15 and 30 seconds, but reduction factors for the gel formulation were significantly lower for all tested organisms (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .025).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700085271_abs7\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under stringent conditions similar to clinical practice, all three hand rinses proved to be more efficacious than the marketed alcohol-based gel in reducing bacterial counts on hands. Further studies are necessary to determine the in vivo efficacy of alcohol-based gels and whether they are as efficacious as alcohol-based rinses in reducing the transmission of nosocomial infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,2]],"date-time":"2006-03-02T19:01:22Z","timestamp":1141326082000},"page":"160-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Comparison of Waterless Hand Antisepsis Agents at Short Application Times: Raising the Flag of Concern"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sasi","family":"Dharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Hugonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Sax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Pittet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.31.10.923"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200105000-00045"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref009","first-page":"1339","volume-title":"Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control","author":"Rotter","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30148433"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00006"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.9.1037"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90264-9"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313468"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02814-2"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501777"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010217"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC\/SHEA\/APIC\/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America\/Association for Professionals in Infection Control\/Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"51","author":"Boyce","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00011"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11447-4"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200105000-00007"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(97)90185-7"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08426-X"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30141985"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501785"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.8.821"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref008","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Die Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers","author":"Semmelweis","year":"1861"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref018","volume-title":"EN 1500, Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics\u2014Hygienic Handrub: Test Method and Requirements (Phase 2, Step 2)","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ic.1999.v27.a97622"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010216"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510440058033"},{"key":"S0195941700085271_ref023","volume-title":"ASTM E 1174-00: Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Health Care Personnel or Consumer Handwash Formulations","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700085271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T23:32:10Z","timestamp":1557185530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700085271\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700085271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/502182","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}}}