{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:54:25Z","timestamp":1791420865759,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4233,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of MRSA in the nosocomial setting has been well studied, and its control remains a challenge for infection control professionals. Complicating this problem is the increasing number of reports on the spread of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains in that they are generally susceptible to most antibiotics. These strains share the presence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic> (SCCwec) type IV in their genomes, are frequently virulent, and predominantly cause skin and soft tissue infections. The genome sequence of the prototypic CA-MRSA strain, MW2, revealed the presence of additional virulence factors not commonly present in other S. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> strains.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We determined the genetic relatedness of 30 geographically diverse CA-MRSA isolates clustered based on <jats:italic>SCCmec<\/jats:italic> type IV by sequence analysis of the polymorphic repeat region of the protein A gene (<jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> typing). These results indicated that most strains shared a common <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> type (131), identical to MW2. Because this group tends to infect healthy individuals with no known risk factors for nosocomial acquisition of MRSA, we refer to it as CA-MRSA without risk factors. A second group, CA-MRSA with risk factors, consists of two related genotypes, <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> types 1 and 7, which differ by one nucleotide change. These strains have caused severe infections in HIV-positive patients in Los Angeles and New York.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Although CA-MRSA strains share genetic determinants, they are not clonal but rather are derived from different genetic backgrounds. The genetic characteristics and the epidemiology of CA-MRSA with and without risk factors are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1086\/502231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,13]],"date-time":"2006-03-13T15:42:36Z","timestamp":1142264556000},"page":"451-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>: An Emerging Pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Battolili","family":"Sa\u00efd-Salim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barun","family":"Mathema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry N.","family":"Kreiswirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0801.010174"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa025025"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0806.010313"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.1.16-34.2000"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.196-203.2003"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345436"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00192"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1201"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315695"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08713-5"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(99)70031-3"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1323-1336.2001"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010204"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0501.990102"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515610"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref003","first-page":"88","article-title":"Outbreaks of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: Los Angeles County, California, 2002-2003","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.8.593"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref022","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997-1999","volume":"282","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312163292517"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00227-X"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.5.421"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338069"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345368"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344326"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322693"},{"key":"S0195941700085532_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.11.1038"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700085532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T23:08:31Z","timestamp":1557184111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700085532\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700085532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/502231","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}}}