{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1791302533224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4203,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081601_abs1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the long-term efficacy of urinary Foley catheters (latex and silicone) impregnated with (1) chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine (CXS) and (2) chlorhexidine, silver sulfadiazine, and triclosan (CXST) in inhibiting extra-luminal bacterial adherence and to compare their efficacy with that of silver hydrogel latex (SH) and nitrofurazone-treated silicone (NF) catheters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081601_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The antimicrobial spectrum of these catheters was evaluated using a zone of inhibition assay. A novel in vitro urinary tract model was developed to study the potential in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial catheters in preventing extraluminal bacterial colonization. The \u201cmeatus\u201d was inoculated daily with<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>. The \u201cbladder\u201d portion of the model was cultured daily to determine bacterial growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081601_abs3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both CXS and CXST catheters had a broader antimicrobial spectrum than SH and NF catheters. In the in vitro model, CXST latex and silicone catheters exhibited significantly better efficacy (3 to 25 days) against uropathogens, compared with CXS (1 to 14 days) and control (0 to 5 days) catheters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .01). CXST latex catheters exhibited significantly longer protection against<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, compared with SH catheters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .01). CXST silicone catheters resisted colonization with<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>for a significantly longer period (23 to 24 days) than did NF catheters (9 to 11 days) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081601_abs4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Catheters impregnated with synergistic combinations of chlorhexidine, silver sulfadiazine, and triclosan exhibited broad-spectrum, long-term resistance against microbial colonization on their outer surfaces (<jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic>2003;24:506-513)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,13]],"date-time":"2006-03-13T16:21:01Z","timestamp":1142266861000},"page":"506-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Urinary Catheters Impregnated With 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