{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:25:23Z","timestamp":1767925523326,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4172,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081807_abs1\"><jats:title>Background and Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CDC has estimated that 23% of<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>infections are nosocomial. When a new hospital was being constructed and a substantial increase in transplantation was anticipated, an ultraviolet light apparatus was installed in the water main of the new building because 27% of water samples from taps in the old hospital contained<jats:italic>Legionella.<\/jats:italic>This study reports the rate of nosocomial<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>infection and water contamination since opening the new hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081807_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Charts of all patients with positive<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>cultures, direct immunofluorescent antibody (DFA), or urine antigen between April 1989 and November 2001 were reviewed. Frequencies of DFAs and urine antigens were obtained from the laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081807_abs3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the 930 cultures of hospital water have been positive since moving into the new building. Fifty-three (0.02%) of 219,521 patients had a positive<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>test; 41 had pneumonia (40 community acquired). One definite<jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>pneumonia confirmed by culture and DFA in August 1994 was nosocomial (0.0005%) by dates. This patient was transferred after prolonged hospitalization in another country, was transplanted 11 days after admission, and developed symptoms 5 days after liver transplant. However, tap water from the patient's room did not grow<jats:italic>Legionella.<\/jats:italic>Seventeen (2.5%) of 670 urine antigens were positive for<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>(none nosocomial). Thirty-three (1.2%) of 2,671 DFAs were positive, including 7 patients (21%) without evidence of pneumonia and 6 (18%) who had an alternative diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700081807_abs4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultraviolet light usage was associated with negative water cultures and lack of clearly documented nosocomial<jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>infection for 13 years at this hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,14]],"date-time":"2006-03-14T21:59:36Z","timestamp":1142373576000},"page":"580-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Ultraviolet Light Disinfection of Hospital Water for Preventing Nosocomial<i>Legionella<\/i>Infection: A 13-Year Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Keri K.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eve T.","family":"Giannetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra I.","family":"Getchell-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Durbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry M.","family":"Farr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700081807_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(91)90040-J"},{"key":"S0195941700081807_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501642"},{"key":"S0195941700081807_ref004","unstructured":"Stout J , Muder RR , Vaccarelle S . 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