{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:06:09Z","timestamp":1761487569411},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3684,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S019594170007747X_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the extent of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis among infants, family members, and healthcare workers (HCWs) who were exposed to a 29-week-old premature infant with congenital tuberculosis, diagnosed at 102 days of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170007747X_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective exposure investigation using tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion was conducted. Contacts underwent two skin tests 10 to 12 weeks apart. Clinical examination and chest radiographs were performed to rule out disease. Isoniazid prophylaxis was administered to exposed infants at higher risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170007747X_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A neonatal intensive care unit in an urban hospital in Brussels, Belgium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170007747X_abs4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety-seven infants, 139 HCWs, and 180 visitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170007747X_abs5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Newly positive TST results occurred in HCWs who had been in close contact with the infant. Six (19%) of 32 primary care nurses and physicians had TST conversions and received treatment. Among the 97 exposed infants, 85 were screened and 34 were identified as at higher risk of infection. Of these, 27 received preventive isoniazid. None of the infants and none of the 93 other infants' family members evaluated were infected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S019594170007747X_abs6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital tuberculosis in an infant poses a risk for nosocomial transmission to HCWs. Delayed diagnosis of this rare disease and close proximity are the most important factors related to transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,14]],"date-time":"2006-04-14T18:39:15Z","timestamp":1145039955000},"page":"1062-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers Caring for a Congenitally Infected Infant"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Mouchet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Van Herreweghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Vandenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gine","family":"Van Hesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"G\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Toppet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryse","family":"Wanlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Toppet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Casimir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Haumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00012"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200106000-00004"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199408000-00012"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050477"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501123320206"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310000675"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref019","first-page":"415","article-title":"Management of newborns after nursery exposure to tuberculosis","volume":"109","author":"Light","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200104000-00014"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514690"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199712000-00003"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501973"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501749"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516296"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref003","first-page":"1196","volume-title":"Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","author":"Starke","year":"1998"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref016","first-page":"267","article-title":"Miliary tuberculosis in two infants after nursery exposure: epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory findings","volume":"113","author":"Steiner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities, 1994","volume":"43","year":"1994","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-3-377"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30143436"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197801000-00004"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90719-6"},{"key":"S019594170007747X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.2.129"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; 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